导出现有数据库数据：
- mysqldump -u用户名 -p密码 数据库名称 >导出文件路径 # 结构+数据
- mysqldump -u用户名 -p密码 -d 数据库名称 >导出文件路径 # 结构
导入现有数据库数据：
- mysqldump -uroot -p密码 数据库名称 < 文件路径
一、表关系
请创建如下表，并创建相关约束
二、操作表
1、自行创建测试数据
/*
Navicat MySQL Data Transfer
Source Server : abc
Source Server Version : 50713
Source Host : localhost:3306
Source Database : lx
Target Server Type : MYSQL
Target Server Version : 50713
File Encoding : 65001
Date: 2016-10-24 18:07:25
*/
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `class`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `class`;
CREATE TABLE `class` (
`cid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`caption` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`cid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of class
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `class` VALUES ('1', '三年二班');
INSERT INTO `class` VALUES ('2', '一年三班');
INSERT INTO `class` VALUES ('3', '三年一班');
INSERT INTO `class` VALUES ('4', 'python 二期');
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `course`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `course`;
CREATE TABLE `course` (
`cid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`cname` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`teache_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`cid`),
KEY `fk_c_t` (`teache_id`),
CONSTRAINT `fk_c_t` FOREIGN KEY (`teache_id`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`tid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of course
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `course` VALUES ('1', '生物', '1');
INSERT INTO `course` VALUES ('2', '体育', '1');
INSERT INTO `course` VALUES ('3', '物理', '2');
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `score`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `score`;
CREATE TABLE `score` (
`sid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`student_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`corse_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`number` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`sid`),
KEY `fk_s_st` (`student_id`),
KEY `fk_s_co` (`corse_id`),
CONSTRAINT `fk_s_co` FOREIGN KEY (`corse_id`) REFERENCES `course` (`cid`),
CONSTRAINT `fk_s_st` FOREIGN KEY (`student_id`) REFERENCES `student` (`sid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=33 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of score
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('1', '1', '1', '60');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('2', '1', '2', '59');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('3', '2', '2', '100');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('4', '1', '3', '76');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('5', '2', '1', '99');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('6', '2', '3', '88');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('7', '3', '1', '66');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('8', '3', '2', '77');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('9', '3', '3', '88');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('10', '4', '1', '76');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('11', '4', '2', '99');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('12', '4', '3', '88');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('13', '5', '1', '66');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('14', '5', '2', '77');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('15', '5', '3', '88');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('16', '6', '1', '58');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('17', '6', '2', '68');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('18', '6', '3', '78');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('19', '7', '1', '87');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('20', '7', '2', '76');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('21', '7', '3', '65');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('22', '8', '1', '90');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('23', '8', '2', '81');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('24', '8', '3', '77');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('25', '9', '1', '86');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('26', '9', '2', '78');
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('27', '9', '3', '97');
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `student`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
CREATE TABLE `student` (
`sid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`sname` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`gender` varchar(12) DEFAULT NULL,
`class_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`sid`),
KEY `fk_s_c` (`class_id`),
CONSTRAINT `fk_s_c` FOREIGN KEY (`class_id`) REFERENCES `class` (`cid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=10 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of student
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('1', '钢蛋', '女', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('2', '铁锤', '女', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('3', '山炮', '男', '2');
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('4', '张三', '男', '3');
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('5', '李四', '男', '2');
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('6', '王五', '男', '3');
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('7', '马六', '女', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('8', '霍七', '男', '2');
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('9', '贺八', '男', '3');
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `teacher`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `teacher`;
CREATE TABLE `teacher` (
`tid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`tname` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`tid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of teacher
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES ('1', '波多');
INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES ('2', '苍空');
INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES ('3', '饭岛');
2、查询“生物”课程比“物理”课程成绩高的所有学生的学号；
思路： 获取所有有生物课程的人（学号，成绩） - 临时表 获取所有有物理课程的人（学号，成绩） - 临时表 根据【学号】连接两个临时表： 学号 物理成绩 生物成绩 然后再进行筛选select A.student_id,生物,物理 from
(select student_id,number as 生物 from score left join course on score.corse_id = course.cid where course.cname = '生物') as A
left join
(select student_id,number as 物理 from score left join course on score.corse_id = course.cid where course.cname = '物理') as B
on A.student_id = B.student_id where 物理 > 生物 ;
3、查询平均成绩大于60分的同学的学号和平均成绩； 思路： 根据学生分组，使用avg获取平均值，通过having对avg进行筛选 select student_id,avg(number) from score GROUP BY student_id having avg(number)>60;
4、查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩；SELECT
score.student_id,
COUNT(score.corse_id),
SUM(score.number),
student.sname
FROM
score
LEFT JOIN student ON student.sid = score.student_id
GROUP BY
student_id
5、查询姓“李”的老师的个数 select COUNT(tid) from teacher where tname LIKE"波%"; select count(1) from (select tid from teacher where tname like '波%') as B
6、查询没学过“叶平”老师课的同学的学号、姓名； 思路： 先查到“叶平老师”老师教的所有课ID 获取选过课的所有学生ID 学生表中筛选 select * from student where sid not in( select student_id from score WHERE score.corse_id in( select cid from course LEFT JOIN teacher on teacher.tid = course.teache_id where teacher.tname = "波多" ) )
7、查询学过“001”并且也学过编号“002”课程的同学的学号、姓名； 思路： 先查到既选择001又选择002课程的所有同学 根据学生进行分组，如果学生数量等于2表示，两门均已选择 select student_id,sname from
(select student_id,corse_id from score where corse_id = 1 or corse_id = 2) as B
left join student on B.student_id = student.sid group by student_id HAVING count(student_id) = 2
8、查询学过“叶平”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名； select * from student where sid in( select student_id from score WHERE score.corse_id in( select cid from course LEFT JOIN teacher on teacher.tid = course.teache_id where teacher.tname = "波多" ) )
9、查询课程编号“002”的成绩比课程编号“001”课程低的所有同学的学号、姓名； select c.student_id,student.sname from
(select A.student_id,a,b from
(select student_id,number as a from score left join course on score.corse_id = course.cid where course.cid = 1) as A
left join
(select student_id,number as b from score left join course on score.corse_id = course.cid where course.cid = 2) as B
on A.student_id = B.student_id where b > a ) as c
LEFT JOIN
student on c.student_id = student.sid;
10、查询有课程成绩小于60分的同学的学号、姓名； select sid,sname from student where sid in (
select distinct student_id from score where number < 60
)
select sid,sname from student where sid in (
select student_id from score where number < 60 GROUP BY student_id
)
11、查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名； 思路： 在分数表中根据学生进行分组，获取每一个学生选课数量 如果数量 == 总课程数量，表示已经选择了所有课程 select student_id,sname from score left join student on score.student_id = student.sid
group by student_id HAVING count(corse_id) = (select count(cid) from course)
12、查询至少有一门课与学号为“001”的同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名； 思路： 获取 001 同学选择的所有课程 获取课程在其中的所有人以及所有课程 根据学生筛选，获取所有学生信息 再与学生表连接，获取姓名select student_id,sname, count(corse_id)
from score left join student on score.student_id = student.sid
where student_id != 1 and corse_id in (select corse_id from score where student_id = 1) group by student_id
13、查询至少学过学号为“001”同学所有课的其他同学学号和姓名； 先找到和001的学过的所有人 然后个数 ＝ 001所有学科 ＝＝》 其他人可能选择的更多 select student_id,sname, count(corse_id)
from score left join student on score.student_id = student.sid
where student_id != 1 and corse_id in (select corse_id from score where student_id = 1)
group by student_id
14、查询和“002”号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学学号和姓名； 个数相同 002学过的也学过select student_id,sname from score left join student on score.student_id = student.sid where student_id in (
select student_id from score where student_id != 1 group by student_id HAVING count(corse_id) = (select count(1) from score where student_id = 1)
) and corse_id in (select corse_id from score where student_id = 1) group by student_id HAVING count(corse_id) = (select count(1) from score where student_id = 1)
15、删除学习“叶平”老师课的score表记录； delete from score where corse_id in (
select cid from course left join teacher on course.teache_id = teacher.tid where teacher.tname = '饭岛'
)
16、向SC表中插入一些记录，这些记录要求符合以下条件：①没有上过编号“002”课程的同学学号；②插入“002”号课程的平均成绩； insert into score(student_id, corse_id, number) select sid,2,(select avg(number) from score where corse_id = 2)
from student where sid not in (
select student_id from score where corse_id = 2
)
17、按平均成绩从低到高 显示所有学生的“语文”、“数学”、“英语”三门的课程成绩，按如下形式显示： 学生ID,语文,数学,英语,有效课程数,有效平均分； select sc.student_id,
(select number from score left join course on score.corse_id = course.cid where course.cname = "生物" and score.student_id=sc.student_id) as sy,
(select number from score left join course on score.corse_id = course.cid where course.cname = "物理" and score.student_id=sc.student_id) as wl,
(select number from score left join course on score.corse_id = course.cid where course.cname = "体育" and score.student_id=sc.student_id) as ty,
count(sc.corse_id),
avg(sc.number)
from score as sc
group by student_id desc
select student_id,
(select number from score as a WHERE a.student_id=b.student_id and corse_id=1)as sw,
(select number from score as a WHERE a.student_id=b.student_id and corse_id=2) as ty,
(select number from score as a WHERE a.student_id=b.student_id and corse_id=3) as wl,
count(corse_id),avg(number)from score as b group by student_id ORDER BY avg(number) desc
18、查询各科成绩最高和最低的分：以如下形式显示：课程ID，最高分，最低分； select corse_id, max(number) as max_num, min(number) as min_num from score group by corse_id;
19、按各科平均成绩从低到高和及格率的百分数从高到低顺序； 思路：case when .. then (类似三目（元）运算) select corse_id, avg(number) ,sum(case when score.number > 60 then 1 else 0 END)/count(1)*100 as percent from score group by corse_id order by avg(number) asc,percent desc;
20、课程平均分从高到低显示（现实任课老师）； select avg(if(isnull(score.number),0,score.number)),teacher.tname from course
left join score on course.cid = score.corse_id
left join teacher on course.teache_id = teacher.tid
group by score.corse_id
select avg(score.number),teacher.tname from course
left join score on course.cid = score.corse_id
left join teacher on course.teache_id = teacher.tid
group by score.corse_id
21、查询各科成绩前三名的记录:(不考虑成绩并列情况) select score.sid,score.corse_id,score.number,T.first_num,T.second_num from score left join
(
select sid,
(select number from score as s2 where s2.corse_id = s1.corse_id order by number desc limit 0,1) as first_num,
(select number from score as s2 where s2.corse_id = s1.corse_id order by number desc limit 2,1) as second_num
from
score as s1
) as T
on score.sid =T.sid
where score.number <= T.first_num and score.number >= T.second_num
22、查询每门课程被选修的学生数； select corse_id, count(1) from score group by corse_id
23、查询出只选修了一门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名； select student.sid, student.sname, count(1) from score
left join student on score.student_id = student.sid
group by corse_id having count(1) = 1
24、查询男生、女生的人数； select * from
(select count(1) as man from student where gender='男')as A ,
(select count(1) as feman from student where gender='女') as B
25、查询姓“张”的学生名单； select sname from student where sname like '张%';
26、查询同名同姓学生名单，并统计同名人数； select sname,count(1) as count from student group by sname;
27、查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩升序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程号降序排列； select corse_id,avg(if(isnull(number), 0 ,number)) as avg from score group by corse_id order by avg asc,corse_id desc; select corse_id,avg(number)from score group by corse_id order by avg(number) asc,corse_id desc;
28、查询平均成绩大于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩； select student_id,avg(number),student.sname FROM score LEFT JOIN student on student.sid = score.student_id GROUP BY student_id HAVING avg(number)>85;
29、查询课程名称为“数学”，且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数； SELECT student.sname,score.number FROM score LEFT JOIN student on student.sid = score.student_id left join course on score.corse_id = course.cid WHERE score.number<60 and course.cname= "物理"
30、查询课程编号为003且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名； select student.sname,score.student_id from score LEFT JOIN student on student.sid = score.student_id WHERE score.number>80 and score.corse_id=3 GROUP BY student_id
31、求选了课程的学生人数 select count(distinct student_id) from score
select count(c) from (
select count(student_id) as c from score group by student_id) as A
32、查询选修“杨艳”老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩； select sname,number from score
left join student on score.student_id = student.sid
where score.corse_id in (select course.cid from course left join teacher
on course.teache_id = teacher.tid where tname='波多') order by number desc limit 1;
33、查询各个课程及相应的选修人数；select course.cname,count(1) from score
left join course on score.corse_id = course.cid
group by corse_id;
34、查询不同课程但成绩相同的学生的学号、课程号、学生成绩； select DISTINCT s1.corse_id,s2.corse_id,s1.number,s2.number from score as s1, score as s2 where s1.number = s2.number and s1.corse_id != s2.corse_id;
35、查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名；select score.sid,score.corse_id,score.number,T.first_num,T.second_num from score left join
(
select
sid,
(select number from score as s2 where s2.corse_id = s1.corse_id order by number desc limit 0,1) as first_num,
(select number from score as s2 where s2.corse_id = s1.corse_id order by number desc limit 1,1) as second_num
from
score as s1
) as T
on score.sid =T.sid
where score.number <= T.first_num and score.number >= T.second_num
36、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号；select student_id from score group by student_id having count(student_id) > 1
37、查询全部学生都选修的课程的课程号和课程名； select corse_id,course.cname,count(student_id) from score LEFT JOIN course on score.corse_id = course.cid GROUP BY corse_id HAVING COUNT(student_id)=(select count(sid) FROM student)
38、查询没学过“叶平”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名； select student_id,student.sname from score
left join student on score.student_id = student.sid
where score.corse_id not in (
select cid from course left join teacher on course.teache_id = teacher.tid where tname = '波多'
)
group by student_id
select student_id,student.sname from score
left join student on score.student_id = student.sid
where score.corse_id not in (
select cid from course left join teacher on course.teache_id = teacher.tid where tname = '波多'
)
group by student_id
39、查询两门以上不及格课程的同学的学号及其平均成绩；select student_id,avg(number) from score where number<60 GROUP BY student_id having count(corse_id)>=2
40、检索“004”课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的同学学号； SELECT student_id,number from score where corse_id=4 and number<60 ORDER BY number desc
41、删除“002”同学的“001”课程的成绩； delete from score where corse_id = 1 and student_id = 2
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/lst1010/p/5994159.html