一、枚举类的使用
- 枚举类的理解:类的对象只有有限个,确定的。我们称此类为枚举类
- 当需要定义一组常量时,强烈建议使用枚举类
- 如果枚举类中只有一个对象,则可以作为单例模式的实现方式。
二、如何定义枚举类
方式一:jdk5.0之前,自定义枚举类
/** * * 自定义枚举类 * */ public class test01 { public static void main(String[] args) { Season spring = Season.SPRING; System.out.println(spring); } } //自定义枚举类 class Season{ //1.声明Season对象的属性:private final修饰 private final String seasonName; private final String seasonDesc; //2.私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值 private Season(String seasonName, String seasonDesc){ this.seasonName = seasonName; this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc; } //3.提供当前枚举类的多个对象:public static final的 public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天", "春暖花开"); public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天", "夏日炎炎"); public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天", "秋高气爽"); public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天", "冰天雪地"); //4.其他诉求:获取枚举类对象的属性 public String getSeasonName(){ return seasonName; } public String getSeasonDesc(){ return seasonDesc; } @Override public String toString() { return "Season{" + "seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' + ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' + '}'; } }
方式二:jdk5.0,可以使用enum关键字定义枚举类
/** * * 使用enum关键字定义枚举类 * 说明:定义的枚举类默认继承于java.lang.Enum类 * */ public class test02 { public static void main(String[] args) { Season2 summer = Season2.SUMMER; System.out.println(summer); System.out.println(Season.class.getSuperclass()); } } //使用enum关键字 enum Season2{ //1.提供当前枚举类的对象,多个对象之间用","隔开,末尾对象";"结束 SPRING("春天", "春暖花开"), SUMMER("夏天", "夏日炎炎"), AUTUMN("秋天", "秋高气爽"), WINTER("冬天", "冰天雪地"); //2.声明Season对象的属性:private final修饰 private final String seasonName; private final String seasonDesc; //3.私有类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值 private Season2(String seasonName, String seasonDesc){ this.seasonName = seasonName; this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc; } //4.其他诉求 public String getSeasonName(){ return seasonName; } public String getSeasonDesc(){ return seasonDesc; } }
三、Enum类中常用的方法:
- values()方法:返回枚举类型的对象数组。该方法可以很方便地遍历所有的 枚举值。
- valueOf(String str):可以把一个字符串转为对应的枚举类对象。要求字符 串必须是枚举类对象的“名字”。如不是,会有运行时异常: IllegalArgumentException。
- toString():返回当前枚举类对象常量的名称
public class test03 { public static void main(String[] args) { Season3 summer = Season3.SUMMER; //toString System.out.println(summer.toString()); System.out.println("***************"); //values() Season3[] values = Season3.values(); for(int i = 0; i < values.length; i++){ System.out.println(values[i]); } Thread.State[] values2 = Thread.State.values(); for(int i = 0; i < values2.length; i++){ System.out.println(values2[i]); } System.out.println("***************"); //valueOf(String objName) 如果没找到会报异常 Season3 winter = Season3.valueOf("WINTER"); System.out.println(winter); } } enum Season3{ //1.提供当前枚举类的对象,多个对象之间用","隔开,末尾对象";"结束 SPRING("春天", "春暖花开"), SUMMER("夏天", "夏日炎炎"), AUTUMN("秋天", "秋高气爽"), WINTER("冬天", "冰天雪地"); //2.声明Season对象的属性:private final修饰 private final String seasonName; private final String seasonDesc; //3.私有类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值 private Season3(String seasonName, String seasonDesc){ this.seasonName = seasonName; this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc; } //4.其他诉求 public String getSeasonName(){ return seasonName; } public String getSeasonDesc(){ return seasonDesc; } }
四、使用enum关键字定义的枚举类实现接口的情况
/** * * 情况一:实现接口,在enum类中实现抽象方法 * 情况二:让枚举类的对象分别实现接口中的方法 * */ public class test04 { public static void main(String[] args) { Season4 winter = Season4.WINTER; winter.show(); } } interface Info{ void show(); } enum Season4 implements Info{ //1.提供当前枚举类的对象,多个对象之间用","隔开,末尾对象";"结束 SPRING("春天", "春暖花开"){ @Override public void show() { System.out.println("春天在哪里?"); } }, SUMMER("夏天", "夏日炎炎"){ @Override public void show() { System.out.println("宁夏"); } }, AUTUMN("秋天", "秋高气爽"){ @Override public void show() { System.out.println("秋天不回来"); } }, WINTER("冬天", "冰天雪地"){ @Override public void show() { System.out.println("大学在冬季"); } }; //2.声明Season对象的属性:private final修饰 private final String seasonName; private final String seasonDesc; //3.私有类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值 private Season4(String seasonName, String seasonDesc){ this.seasonName = seasonName; this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc; } //4.其他诉求 public String getSeasonName(){ return seasonName; } public String getSeasonDesc(){ return seasonDesc; } // @Override // public void show() { // System.out.println("这是一个季节"); // } }
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoran991/p/12552619.html