博客需求分析和表结构

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# 博客项目
# 拿到项目之后第一步就是需求分析
# 需求分析之后就是表设计
# 需要什么表：
# 1，userinfo：用户名，密码，头像，
# 2，文章表：title,publish_data,desc,author,
# 3，评论表：user，时间，内容，关联的文章，是谁的子评论，文章和评论什么关系，一对多，
# 3.1 文章详情表：info，
# 4，标签：标签名，标签和文章，多对多，
# 5，分类：分类名，分类和文章，多对多，
# 6，点赞表：是赞，还是踩，点赞时间，关联文章，谁点的，关联user，

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因为当你makemigrations和migrate的时候会自动生成auth_user表
所以创建用户表的时候可以用人家自定义的auth_user表， 如果你还想在表里增加一些字段，可以利用继承
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
class UserInfo(AbstractUser): 
    pass
要是这样用继承的话需要在settings中配置一下：
AUTH_USER_MODEL ="应用名称.UserInfo"

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头像：可用FileField或者ImageField
avatar = models.FileField(verbose_name="头像",upload_to="avatar",default="/avatar/default.png") 
upload_to：上传到的具体位置 
default：默认位置

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创建时间
auto_now :无论是你添加还是修改对象，时间为你添加或者修改的时间
auto_now_add：是你当前创建的时间，当你更新对象时时间不会有变法
create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="创建时间",auto_now_add=True)

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class Tag(models.Model):
    pass
class Article(models.Model):
    tags = models.ManyToManyField(to="Tag",through="article2tag",through_fields=('article', 'tag'))  　　#through_fields=('article', 'tag')相当于给这两个字段关联
class Article2tag(models.Model):
    article = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="文章",to="Article")
    tag = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="标签",to="Tag")
    class Meta:
        '''联合唯一'''
        unique_together = [
            ("article","tag")
        ]

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choices属性    
type_choices = [
        (1,"编程语言"),
        (2,"软件设计"),
        (3,"前端系列"),
        (4,"数据库"),
        (5,"操作系统")
    ]
artcle_type_id = models.IntegerField(choices=type_choices,default=None)

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自关联的两种表示方式，假设为null的时候是文章赞
方式一
farther_comment = models.ForeignKey(to="Comment",verbose_name="父级评论",null=True,blank=True)
方式二
farther_comment = models.ForeignKey("self",verbose_name="父级评论",null=True,blank=True)

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from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser


class UserInfo(AbstractUser):
    """
    用户信息表
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=11, null=True, unique=True)
    avatar = models.FileField(upload_to="avatars/", default="avatars/default.png", verbose_name="头像")
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    blog = models.OneToOneField(to="Blog", to_field="nid", null=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "用户"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Blog(models.Model):
    """
    博客信息
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=64)  # 个人博客标题
    site = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)  # 个人博客后缀
    theme = models.CharField(max_length=32)  # 博客主题

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "blog站点"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Category(models.Model):
    """
    个人博客文章分类
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)  # 分类标题
    blog = models.ForeignKey(to="Blog", to_field="nid")  # 外键关联博客，一个博客站点可以有多个分类

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "文章分类"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Tag(models.Model):
    """
    标签
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)  # 标签名
    blog = models.ForeignKey(to="Blog", to_field="nid")  # 所属博客

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "标签"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Article(models.Model):
    """
    文章
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name="文章标题")  # 文章标题
    desc = models.CharField(max_length=255)  # 文章描述
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)  # 创建时间  --> datetime()

    # 评论数
    comment_count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="评论数", default=0)
    # 点赞数
    up_count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="点赞数", default=0)
    # 踩
    down_count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="踩数", default=0)

    category = models.ForeignKey(to="Category", to_field="nid", null=True)
    user = models.ForeignKey(to="UserInfo", to_field="nid")
    tags = models.ManyToManyField(  # 中介模型
        to="Tag",
        through="Article2Tag",
        through_fields=("article", "tag"),  # 注意顺序！！！
    )

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "文章"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class ArticleDetail(models.Model):
    """
    文章详情表
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    content = models.TextField()
    article = models.OneToOneField(to="Article", to_field="nid")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "文章详情"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Article2Tag(models.Model):
    """
    文章和标签的多对多关系表
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    article = models.ForeignKey(to="Article", to_field="nid")
    tag = models.ForeignKey(to="Tag", to_field="nid")

    def __str__(self):
        return "{}-{}".format(self.article.title, self.tag.title)

    class Meta:
        unique_together = (("article", "tag"),)
        verbose_name = "文章-标签"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class ArticleUpDown(models.Model):
    """
    点赞表
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    user = models.ForeignKey(to="UserInfo", null=True)
    article = models.ForeignKey(to="Article", null=True)
    is_up = models.BooleanField(default=True)

    class Meta:
        unique_together = (("article", "user"),)
        verbose_name = "文章点赞"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Comment(models.Model):
    """
    评论表
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    article = models.ForeignKey(to="Article", to_field="nid")
    user = models.ForeignKey(to="UserInfo", to_field="nid")
    content = models.CharField(max_length=255)  # 评论内容
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    parent_comment = models.ForeignKey("self", null=True, blank=True)  # blank=True 在django admin里面可以不填

    def __str__(self):
        return self.content

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "评论"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

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来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/andy0816/p/12518867.html

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