1、
在函数内使用this.name(变量名)的方式赋值,当函数作为普通函数调用时,在函数外部可以直接访问到,这是因为这里的this指向window:
    function fn(){
        var r = 2 ;
        this.ss = 0;
        this.sum=function(num1,num2){
          return (num1+num2)*r;
        };
    }
    fn();
    //var b = new fn();
    console.log(ss);                //0
    console.log(window.sum(1,2));    //6
    console.log(sum(1,2));            //6
当函数作为方法函数调用时,情况又有所不同,这时候this指向发生变化,指向自身:
    function fn(){
        var r = 2 ;
        this.ss = 0;
        this.sum=function(num1,num2){
          return (num1+num2)*r;
        };
    }
    
    var b = new fn();
/*    
    console.log(ss);                //error 报错
    console.log(window.sum(1,2));    //error 报错
    console.log(sum(1,2));            //error 报错
*/    
    //可以通过实例访问
    console.log(b.ss);                //0
    console.log(b.sum(1,2));    //6
2、
    var a ;
    function fn2(){
        var b = 0;
        return b ;
    };
    a = fn2();
    console.log(a); //0
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaowan-/p/5595888.html