新版本——

http://www.cnblogs.com/zyl910/archive/2013/01/10/c99int_v101.html
[C] 让VC支持C99的整数类型V1.01。避免包含目录问题，更名auto_stdint.h、auto_inttypes.h（在VC6至VC2012、GCC、BCB等编译器下测试通过）

作者：zyl910

　　C99标准定义了stdint.h、inttypes.h，用于统一的跨平台数据定义。可惜VC、BCB等编译器对C99的兼容性较差，有些版本没有该头文件。本文对此进行探讨，编写了一套兼容VC、BCB、GCC的stdint.h、inttypes.h。

一、心得

1.1 检查

　　先检查一下各个编译器对stdint.h、inttypes.h的支持情况——
VC6：stdint.h、inttypes.h都没有。
VC2003：stdint.h、inttypes.h都没有。
VC2005：stdint.h、inttypes.h都没有。
VC2010：有stdint.h，没有inttypes.h。
BCB6：有stdint.h，没有inttypes.h。
GCC 4.7.0（Fedora 17）：stdint.h、inttypes均有。
GCC 4.6.2（MinGW (20120426)）：stdint.h、inttypes均有。

1.2 msinttypes

　　在网上搜索，发现了msinttypes，它提供了兼容VC的stdint.h、inttypes.h。地址是——
http://code.google.com/p/msinttypes/

　　msinttypes的安装方法——将压缩包中的stdint.h、inttypes.h放在VC的include目录。

　　我试用了一下，msinttypes基本上能解决问题，但觉得该方法有存在以下缺点——
1. 配置麻烦。如果安装了多个版本的VC，每个目录下都要复制一份stdint.h、inttypes.h。
2. VC版本区别。VC2010支持了stdint.h，是否还需要复制msinttypes的stdint.h呢？
3. 只支持VC平台。msinttypes的头文件用条件编译检查是不是VC编译器，不允许在其他编译器上编译。
4. 存在一些小Bug，例如——VC6不支持“I32”长度控制字符串、VC6编译C++程序时wchar.h会报错。

1.3 我的做法

　　我希望有这一套头文件——自动判断当前编译器是否支持C99标准的stdint.h、inttypes.h，如果支持就使用编译器的，否则使用自己来定义。

　　这套头文件叫什么名字呢？就叫stdint.h、inttypes.h。它们和程序源码放在一起，程序源码使用include引号方式包含这些头文件。而在这些头文件中，可以使用include尖括号方式包含系统的头文件。（注：include尖括号方式只搜索系统目录中的头文件。而include引号方式是优先搜索用户目录，找不到时再搜索系统目录。）
　　对于主程序来说，只需将“#include <stdint.h>”改为“#include "stdint.h"”就能使这些头文件生效了。而且就算用户目录下没有这些头文件（例如删除了），include引号方式就会使用系统目录中的stdint.h、inttypes.h，程序依然能成功编译。

　　至于判断当前编译器是否支持C99标准的stdint.h、inttypes.h。可以根据编译器的预定义宏来判断。

二、全部代码

　　stdint.h——

#ifndef _STDINT_H_ALL_
#define _STDINT_H_ALL_

// _STDINT_H_SYS_: 编译器是否提供了<stdint.h>
#undef _STDINT_H_SYS_
#if defined(__GNUC__)    // GCC.
    #define _STDINT_H_SYS_
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)    // MSVC. VC6至VC2005均没有, 似乎从VC2010才支持的.
    #if _MSC_VER >=1600    // VC2010
        #define _STDINT_H_SYS_
    #endif    // #if _MSC_VER >=1600    // VC2010
#elif defined(__BORLANDC__)    // BCB. BCB6是支持的.
    #if __BORLANDC__ >=0x0560    // BCB6
        #define _STDINT_H_SYS_
    #endif    // #if __BORLANDC__ >=0x0560    // BCB6
#else
    #define _INTTYPES_H_SYS_    // 假设其他编译器支持C99.
#endif    // _STDINT_H_SYS_


#ifdef _STDINT_H_SYS_
// 使用编译器提供的<stdint.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#else
// 采用自定义的stdint.h. 参考了 msinttypes: http://code.google.com/p/msinttypes/
#ifndef _MSC_STDINT_H_ // [
#define _MSC_STDINT_H_

#include <limits.h>

// For Visual Studio 6 in C++ mode and for many Visual Studio versions when
// compiling for ARM we should wrap <wchar.h> include with 'extern "C++" {}'
// or compiler give many errors like this:
//   error C2733: second C linkage of overloaded function 'wmemchr' not allowed
//#ifdef __cplusplus
//extern "C" {
//#endif
//#  include <wchar.h>
//#ifdef __cplusplus
//}
//#endif
// 在VC6下测试时, 发现上面的方法会报告很多C2733错误. 还是直接include算了.
#include <wchar.h>

// Define _W64 macros to mark types changing their size, like intptr_t.
#ifndef _W64
#  if !defined(__midl) && (defined(_X86_) || defined(_M_IX86)) && _MSC_VER >= 1300
#     define _W64 __w64
#  else
#     define _W64
#  endif
#endif


// 7.18.1 Integer types

// 7.18.1.1 Exact-width integer types

// Visual Studio 6 and Embedded Visual C++ 4 doesn't
// realize that, e.g. char has the same size as __int8
// so we give up on __intX for them.
#if (_MSC_VER < 1300)
   typedef signed char       int8_t;
   typedef signed short      int16_t;
   typedef signed int        int32_t;
   typedef unsigned char     uint8_t;
   typedef unsigned short    uint16_t;
   typedef unsigned int      uint32_t;
#else
   typedef signed __int8     int8_t;
   typedef signed __int16    int16_t;
   typedef signed __int32    int32_t;
   typedef unsigned __int8   uint8_t;
   typedef unsigned __int16  uint16_t;
   typedef unsigned __int32  uint32_t;
#endif
typedef signed __int64       int64_t;
typedef unsigned __int64     uint64_t;


// 7.18.1.2 Minimum-width integer types
typedef int8_t    int_least8_t;
typedef int16_t   int_least16_t;
typedef int32_t   int_least32_t;
typedef int64_t   int_least64_t;
typedef uint8_t   uint_least8_t;
typedef uint16_t  uint_least16_t;
typedef uint32_t  uint_least32_t;
typedef uint64_t  uint_least64_t;

// 7.18.1.3 Fastest minimum-width integer types
typedef int8_t    int_fast8_t;
typedef int16_t   int_fast16_t;
typedef int32_t   int_fast32_t;
typedef int64_t   int_fast64_t;
typedef uint8_t   uint_fast8_t;
typedef uint16_t  uint_fast16_t;
typedef uint32_t  uint_fast32_t;
typedef uint64_t  uint_fast64_t;

// 7.18.1.4 Integer types capable of holding object pointers
#ifdef _WIN64 // [
   typedef signed __int64    intptr_t;
   typedef unsigned __int64  uintptr_t;
#else // _WIN64 ][
   typedef _W64 signed int   intptr_t;
   typedef _W64 unsigned int uintptr_t;
#endif // _WIN64 ]

// 7.18.1.5 Greatest-width integer types
typedef int64_t   intmax_t;
typedef uint64_t  uintmax_t;


// 7.18.2 Limits of specified-width integer types

#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS) // [   See footnote 220 at page 257 and footnote 221 at page 259

// 7.18.2.1 Limits of exact-width integer types
#define INT8_MIN     ((int8_t)_I8_MIN)
#define INT8_MAX     _I8_MAX
#define INT16_MIN    ((int16_t)_I16_MIN)
#define INT16_MAX    _I16_MAX
#define INT32_MIN    ((int32_t)_I32_MIN)
#define INT32_MAX    _I32_MAX
#define INT64_MIN    ((int64_t)_I64_MIN)
#define INT64_MAX    _I64_MAX
#define UINT8_MAX    _UI8_MAX
#define UINT16_MAX   _UI16_MAX
#define UINT32_MAX   _UI32_MAX
#define UINT64_MAX   _UI64_MAX

// 7.18.2.2 Limits of minimum-width integer types
#define INT_LEAST8_MIN    INT8_MIN
#define INT_LEAST8_MAX    INT8_MAX
#define INT_LEAST16_MIN   INT16_MIN
#define INT_LEAST16_MAX   INT16_MAX
#define INT_LEAST32_MIN   INT32_MIN
#define INT_LEAST32_MAX   INT32_MAX
#define INT_LEAST64_MIN   INT64_MIN
#define INT_LEAST64_MAX   INT64_MAX
#define UINT_LEAST8_MAX   UINT8_MAX
#define UINT_LEAST16_MAX  UINT16_MAX
#define UINT_LEAST32_MAX  UINT32_MAX
#define UINT_LEAST64_MAX  UINT64_MAX

// 7.18.2.3 Limits of fastest minimum-width integer types
#define INT_FAST8_MIN    INT8_MIN
#define INT_FAST8_MAX    INT8_MAX
#define INT_FAST16_MIN   INT16_MIN
#define INT_FAST16_MAX   INT16_MAX
#define INT_FAST32_MIN   INT32_MIN
#define INT_FAST32_MAX   INT32_MAX
#define INT_FAST64_MIN   INT64_MIN
#define INT_FAST64_MAX   INT64_MAX
#define UINT_FAST8_MAX   UINT8_MAX
#define UINT_FAST16_MAX  UINT16_MAX
#define UINT_FAST32_MAX  UINT32_MAX
#define UINT_FAST64_MAX  UINT64_MAX

// 7.18.2.4 Limits of integer types capable of holding object pointers
#ifdef _WIN64 // [
#  define INTPTR_MIN   INT64_MIN
#  define INTPTR_MAX   INT64_MAX
#  define UINTPTR_MAX  UINT64_MAX
#else // _WIN64 ][
#  define INTPTR_MIN   INT32_MIN
#  define INTPTR_MAX   INT32_MAX
#  define UINTPTR_MAX  UINT32_MAX
#endif // _WIN64 ]

// 7.18.2.5 Limits of greatest-width integer types
#define INTMAX_MIN   INT64_MIN
#define INTMAX_MAX   INT64_MAX
#define UINTMAX_MAX  UINT64_MAX

// 7.18.3 Limits of other integer types

#ifdef _WIN64 // [
#  define PTRDIFF_MIN  _I64_MIN
#  define PTRDIFF_MAX  _I64_MAX
#else  // _WIN64 ][
#  define PTRDIFF_MIN  _I32_MIN
#  define PTRDIFF_MAX  _I32_MAX
#endif  // _WIN64 ]

#define SIG_ATOMIC_MIN  INT_MIN
#define SIG_ATOMIC_MAX  INT_MAX

#ifndef SIZE_MAX // [
#  ifdef _WIN64 // [
#     define SIZE_MAX  _UI64_MAX
#  else // _WIN64 ][
#     define SIZE_MAX  _UI32_MAX
#  endif // _WIN64 ]
#endif // SIZE_MAX ]

// WCHAR_MIN and WCHAR_MAX are also defined in <wchar.h>
#ifndef WCHAR_MIN // [
#  define WCHAR_MIN  0
#endif  // WCHAR_MIN ]
#ifndef WCHAR_MAX // [
#  define WCHAR_MAX  _UI16_MAX
#endif  // WCHAR_MAX ]

#define WINT_MIN  0
#define WINT_MAX  _UI16_MAX

#endif // __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS ]


// 7.18.4 Limits of other integer types

#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS) // [   See footnote 224 at page 260

// 7.18.4.1 Macros for minimum-width integer constants

#define INT8_C(val)  val##i8
#define INT16_C(val) val##i16
#define INT32_C(val) val##i32
#define INT64_C(val) val##i64

#define UINT8_C(val)  val##ui8
#define UINT16_C(val) val##ui16
#define UINT32_C(val) val##ui32
#define UINT64_C(val) val##ui64

// 7.18.4.2 Macros for greatest-width integer constants
#define INTMAX_C   INT64_C
#define UINTMAX_C  UINT64_C

#endif // __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS ]


#endif // _MSC_STDINT_H_ ]

#endif // #ifdef _STDINT_H_SYS_

#endif // #ifndef _STDINT_H_ALL_

　　inttypes.h——

#ifndef _INTTYPES_H_ALL_
#define _INTTYPES_H_ALL_

// _INTTYPES_H_SYS_: 编译器是否提供了<inttypes.h>
#undef _INTTYPES_H_SYS_
#if defined(__GNUC__)    // GCC.
    #define _INTTYPES_H_SYS_
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)    // MSVC. VC2010仍不支持.
#elif defined(__BORLANDC__)    // BCB. BCB6仍不支持.
#else
    #define _INTTYPES_H_SYS_    // 假设其他编译器支持C99.
#endif    // _INTTYPES_H_SYS_


#ifdef _INTTYPES_H_SYS_
// 使用编译器提供的<inttypes.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#else
// 采用自定义的inttypes.h. 参考了 msinttypes: http://code.google.com/p/msinttypes/

#ifndef _MSC_INTTYPES_H_ // [
#define _MSC_INTTYPES_H_

#include "stdint.h"

// 7.8 Format conversion of integer types

typedef struct {
   intmax_t quot;
   intmax_t rem;
} imaxdiv_t;

// 7.8.1 Macros for format specifiers

#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS) // [   See footnote 185 at page 198

// The fprintf macros for signed integers are:
#define PRId8       "d"
#define PRIi8       "i"
#define PRIdLEAST8  "d"
#define PRIiLEAST8  "i"
#define PRIdFAST8   "d"
#define PRIiFAST8   "i"

#define PRId16       "hd"
#define PRIi16       "hi"
#define PRIdLEAST16  "hd"
#define PRIiLEAST16  "hi"
#define PRIdFAST16   "hd"
#define PRIiFAST16   "hi"

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER<=1200    // VC6
#define PRId32       "d"
#define PRIi32       "i"
#define PRIdLEAST32  "d"
#define PRIiLEAST32  "i"
#define PRIdFAST32   "d"
#define PRIiFAST32   "i"
#else
#define PRId32       "I32d"
#define PRIi32       "I32i"
#define PRIdLEAST32  "I32d"
#define PRIiLEAST32  "I32i"
#define PRIdFAST32   "I32d"
#define PRIiFAST32   "I32i"
#endif

#define PRId64       "I64d"
#define PRIi64       "I64i"
#define PRIdLEAST64  "I64d"
#define PRIiLEAST64  "I64i"
#define PRIdFAST64   "I64d"
#define PRIiFAST64   "I64i"

#define PRIdMAX     "I64d"
#define PRIiMAX     "I64i"

#define PRIdPTR     "Id"
#define PRIiPTR     "Ii"

// The fprintf macros for unsigned integers are:
#define PRIo8       "o"
#define PRIu8       "u"
#define PRIx8       "x"
#define PRIX8       "X"
#define PRIoLEAST8  "o"
#define PRIuLEAST8  "u"
#define PRIxLEAST8  "x"
#define PRIXLEAST8  "X"
#define PRIoFAST8   "o"
#define PRIuFAST8   "u"
#define PRIxFAST8   "x"
#define PRIXFAST8   "X"

#define PRIo16       "ho"
#define PRIu16       "hu"
#define PRIx16       "hx"
#define PRIX16       "hX"
#define PRIoLEAST16  "ho"
#define PRIuLEAST16  "hu"
#define PRIxLEAST16  "hx"
#define PRIXLEAST16  "hX"
#define PRIoFAST16   "ho"
#define PRIuFAST16   "hu"
#define PRIxFAST16   "hx"
#define PRIXFAST16   "hX"

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER<=1200    // VC6
#define PRIo32       "o"
#define PRIu32       "u"
#define PRIx32       "x"
#define PRIX32       "X"
#define PRIoLEAST32  "o"
#define PRIuLEAST32  "u"
#define PRIxLEAST32  "x"
#define PRIXLEAST32  "X"
#define PRIoFAST32   "o"
#define PRIuFAST32   "u"
#define PRIxFAST32   "x"
#define PRIXFAST32   "X"
#else
#define PRIo32       "I32o"
#define PRIu32       "I32u"
#define PRIx32       "I32x"
#define PRIX32       "I32X"
#define PRIoLEAST32  "I32o"
#define PRIuLEAST32  "I32u"
#define PRIxLEAST32  "I32x"
#define PRIXLEAST32  "I32X"
#define PRIoFAST32   "I32o"
#define PRIuFAST32   "I32u"
#define PRIxFAST32   "I32x"
#define PRIXFAST32   "I32X"
#endif

#define PRIo64       "I64o"
#define PRIu64       "I64u"
#define PRIx64       "I64x"
#define PRIX64       "I64X"
#define PRIoLEAST64  "I64o"
#define PRIuLEAST64  "I64u"
#define PRIxLEAST64  "I64x"
#define PRIXLEAST64  "I64X"
#define PRIoFAST64   "I64o"
#define PRIuFAST64   "I64u"
#define PRIxFAST64   "I64x"
#define PRIXFAST64   "I64X"

#define PRIoMAX     "I64o"
#define PRIuMAX     "I64u"
#define PRIxMAX     "I64x"
#define PRIXMAX     "I64X"

#define PRIoPTR     "Io"
#define PRIuPTR     "Iu"
#define PRIxPTR     "Ix"
#define PRIXPTR     "IX"

// The fscanf macros for signed integers are:
#define SCNd8       "d"
#define SCNi8       "i"
#define SCNdLEAST8  "d"
#define SCNiLEAST8  "i"
#define SCNdFAST8   "d"
#define SCNiFAST8   "i"

#define SCNd16       "hd"
#define SCNi16       "hi"
#define SCNdLEAST16  "hd"
#define SCNiLEAST16  "hi"
#define SCNdFAST16   "hd"
#define SCNiFAST16   "hi"

#define SCNd32       "ld"
#define SCNi32       "li"
#define SCNdLEAST32  "ld"
#define SCNiLEAST32  "li"
#define SCNdFAST32   "ld"
#define SCNiFAST32   "li"

#define SCNd64       "I64d"
#define SCNi64       "I64i"
#define SCNdLEAST64  "I64d"
#define SCNiLEAST64  "I64i"
#define SCNdFAST64   "I64d"
#define SCNiFAST64   "I64i"

#define SCNdMAX     "I64d"
#define SCNiMAX     "I64i"

#ifdef _WIN64 // [
#  define SCNdPTR     "I64d"
#  define SCNiPTR     "I64i"
#else  // _WIN64 ][
#  define SCNdPTR     "ld"
#  define SCNiPTR     "li"
#endif  // _WIN64 ]

// The fscanf macros for unsigned integers are:
#define SCNo8       "o"
#define SCNu8       "u"
#define SCNx8       "x"
#define SCNX8       "X"
#define SCNoLEAST8  "o"
#define SCNuLEAST8  "u"
#define SCNxLEAST8  "x"
#define SCNXLEAST8  "X"
#define SCNoFAST8   "o"
#define SCNuFAST8   "u"
#define SCNxFAST8   "x"
#define SCNXFAST8   "X"

#define SCNo16       "ho"
#define SCNu16       "hu"
#define SCNx16       "hx"
#define SCNX16       "hX"
#define SCNoLEAST16  "ho"
#define SCNuLEAST16  "hu"
#define SCNxLEAST16  "hx"
#define SCNXLEAST16  "hX"
#define SCNoFAST16   "ho"
#define SCNuFAST16   "hu"
#define SCNxFAST16   "hx"
#define SCNXFAST16   "hX"

#define SCNo32       "lo"
#define SCNu32       "lu"
#define SCNx32       "lx"
#define SCNX32       "lX"
#define SCNoLEAST32  "lo"
#define SCNuLEAST32  "lu"
#define SCNxLEAST32  "lx"
#define SCNXLEAST32  "lX"
#define SCNoFAST32   "lo"
#define SCNuFAST32   "lu"
#define SCNxFAST32   "lx"
#define SCNXFAST32   "lX"

#define SCNo64       "I64o"
#define SCNu64       "I64u"
#define SCNx64       "I64x"
#define SCNX64       "I64X"
#define SCNoLEAST64  "I64o"
#define SCNuLEAST64  "I64u"
#define SCNxLEAST64  "I64x"
#define SCNXLEAST64  "I64X"
#define SCNoFAST64   "I64o"
#define SCNuFAST64   "I64u"
#define SCNxFAST64   "I64x"
#define SCNXFAST64   "I64X"

#define SCNoMAX     "I64o"
#define SCNuMAX     "I64u"
#define SCNxMAX     "I64x"
#define SCNXMAX     "I64X"

#ifdef _WIN64 // [
#  define SCNoPTR     "I64o"
#  define SCNuPTR     "I64u"
#  define SCNxPTR     "I64x"
#  define SCNXPTR     "I64X"
#else  // _WIN64 ][
#  define SCNoPTR     "lo"
#  define SCNuPTR     "lu"
#  define SCNxPTR     "lx"
#  define SCNXPTR     "lX"
#endif  // _WIN64 ]

#endif // __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS ]

// 7.8.2 Functions for greatest-width integer types

// 7.8.2.1 The imaxabs function
#define imaxabs _abs64

// 7.8.2.2 The imaxdiv function

#ifdef _MSC_VER
// This is modified version of div() function from Microsoft's div.c found
// in %MSVC.NET%\crt\src\div.c
#ifdef STATIC_IMAXDIV // [
static
#else // STATIC_IMAXDIV ][
_inline
#endif // STATIC_IMAXDIV ]
imaxdiv_t __cdecl imaxdiv(intmax_t numer, intmax_t denom)
{
   imaxdiv_t result;

   result.quot = numer / denom;
   result.rem = numer % denom;

   if (numer < 0 && result.rem > 0) {
      // did division wrong; must fix up
      ++result.quot;
      result.rem -= denom;
   }

   return result;
}
#endif  // #ifdef _MSC_VER

// 7.8.2.3 The strtoimax and strtoumax functions
#define strtoimax _strtoi64
#define strtoumax _strtoui64

// 7.8.2.4 The wcstoimax and wcstoumax functions
#define wcstoimax _wcstoi64
#define wcstoumax _wcstoui64


#endif // _MSC_INTTYPES_H_ ]

#endif // #ifdef _INTTYPES_H_SYS_

#endif // #ifndef _INTTYPES_H_ALL_

　　测试代码：c99int.c——

#define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
#define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS
#define __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS

#include <stdio.h>

#include <wchar.h>

#include "stdint.h"
#include "inttypes.h"


int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    uint8_t i8 = (uint8_t)INT8_C(-1);
    uint16_t i16 = (uint16_t)INT16_C(-1);
    uint32_t i32 = (uint32_t)INT32_C(-1);
    uint64_t i64 = (uint64_t)INT64_C(-1);

    printf("c99int:\t%" PRIu8 ", %" PRIu16 ", %" PRIu32 ", %" PRIu64 "\n", i8, i16, i32, i64);
    return 0;
}