C++ template meta-programming, number of member variables?

问题

Is it possible in C++ to determine number of variables/fields in the generic class? for example

// suppose I need metaclass number_members determines number of members

struct example { int i, j; };
assert(number_members<example>::value==2);

I looked through mpl but could not find implementation.

thanks.

回答1:

No. C++ does not provide general introspection into structures.

You can try a C++0x std::tuple, which has some of the features of a general POD struct. Or, try to roll your own from the Boost MPL library. That would be a bit advanced if you're just getting started with C++.

回答2:

No. Unfortunately, C++ does not have that kind of introspection builtin. However, with some additional preprocessing such as Qt's Meta Object Compiler (moc), you can achieve something similar... the QMetaObject class provides a propertyCount(); however, your class would need to inherit from QObject, use the Q_OBJECT macro, and register the properties for all that to work... so, in short, it's not automatic.

回答3:

You can't do that directly. The obvious question then, is what you're trying to accomplish -- chances are that you can do what you need to, but the way to do it may be rather different.

回答4:

Yes, with restrictions. You can find my implementation at mattkretz/virtools. It requires C++20, because it uses concepts. In principle, you can rewrite it using enable_if and thus make it work with C++17. Live example.

The main idea here is to restrict the set of types that can be inspected to aggregates with non-static data members either in a single base class or only in the derived class (but still allowing empty base classes). This is the same restriction structured bindings imposes. Then you know whether a type T has e.g. 3 (or more) members if T{anything_but_base_of<T>(), anything_but_base_of<T>(), anything_but_base_of<T>()} is a valid expression (i.e. no substitution failure). Where anything_but_base_of is:

template <class Struct> struct anything_but_base_of {
  template <class T>
  requires(!std::is_base_of_v<T, Struct>)
  operator T();
};

Since aggregate initialization allows to specify fewer initializers than the aggregate has members one has to test starting from an upper bound and then recurse down to 0 until a possible aggregate initialization is found. The destructuring test my implementation uses is actually not a SFINAE condition, but rather produces a hard error. So you can just as well remove that code, making the implementation:

namespace detail {
template <class Struct> struct any_empty_base_of {
  template <class T>
  requires(std::is_base_of_v<T, Struct> && std::is_empty_v<T>)
  operator T();
};

template <class T, size_t... Indexes>
concept brace_constructible =
   requires { T{((void)Indexes, anything_but_base_of<T>())...}; } 
|| requires { T{any_empty_base_of<T>(), ((void)Indexes, anything_but_base_of<T>())...}; }
|| requires { T{any_empty_base_of<T>(), any_empty_base_of<T>(), ((void)Indexes, anything_but_base_of<T>())...}; }
|| requires { T{any_empty_base_of<T>(), any_empty_base_of<T>(), any_empty_base_of<T>(), ((void)Indexes, anything_but_base_of<T>())...}; };

template <class T, size_t... Indexes>
requires brace_constructible<T, Indexes...>
constexpr size_t struct_size(std::index_sequence<Indexes...>)
{
  return sizeof...(Indexes);
}

template <class T>
requires requires { T{}; }
constexpr size_t struct_size(std::index_sequence<>)
{
  static_assert(std::is_empty_v<T>,
                "Increase MaxSize on your struct_size call. (Or you found a bug)");
  return 0;
}

template <class T, size_t I0, size_t... Indexes>
requires(!brace_constructible<T, I0, Indexes...>)
constexpr size_t struct_size(std::index_sequence<I0, Indexes...>)
{
  // recurse with one less initializer
  return struct_size<T>(std::index_sequence<Indexes...>());
}
} // namespace detail

Finally, we need a sensible upper bound to start from. The correct upper bound would be sizeof(T) * CHAR_BIT, for the case of a bitfield where each non-static data member occupies a single bit and the whole struct contains no padding. Considering the compile time cost of using the correct upper bound, I settled on a more sensible heuristic of simply sizeof(T):

template <typename T, size_t MaxSize = sizeof(T)>
constexpr inline std::size_t struct_size =
    detail::struct_size<T>(std::make_index_sequence<MaxSize>());

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2589861/c-template-meta-programming-number-of-member-variables

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c++

templates

metaprogramming