问题
A colleague is looking to generate UML class diagrams from heaps of Python source code. He's primarily interested in the inheritance relationships, and mildly interested in compositional relationships, and doesn't care much about class attributes that are just Python primitives.
The source code is pretty straightforward and not tremendously evil--it doesn't do any fancy metaclass magic, for example. (It's mostly from the days of Python 1.5.2, with some sprinklings of "modern" 2.3ish stuff.)
What's the best existing solution to recommend?
回答1:
You may have heard of Pylint that helps statically checking Python code. Few people know that it comes with a tool named Pyreverse that draws UML diagrams from the python code it reads. Pyreverse uses graphviz as a backend.
回答2:
Epydoc is a tool to generate API documentation from Python source code. It also generates UML class diagrams, using Graphviz in fancy ways. Here is an example of diagram generated from the source code of Epydoc itself.
Because Epydoc performs both object introspection and source parsing it can gather more informations respect to static code analysers such as Doxygen: it can inspect a fair amount of dynamically generated classes and functions, but can also use comments or unassigned strings as a documentation source, e.g. for variables and class public attributes.
回答3:
Check this list of seven uml tools for python
回答4:
Certain classes of well-behaved programs may be diagrammable, but in the general case, it can't be done. Python objects can be extended at run time, and objects of any type can be assigned to any instance variable. Figuring out what classes an object can contain pointers to (composition) would require a full understanding of the runtime behavior of the program.
Python's metaclass capabilities mean that reasoning about the inheritance structure would also require a full understanding of the runtime behavior of the program.
To prove that these are impossible, you argue that if such a UML diagrammer existed, then you could take an arbitrary program, convert "halt" statements into statements that would impact the UML diagram, and use the UML diagrammer to solve the halting problem, which as we know is impossible.
回答5:
It is worth mentioning Gaphor. A Python modelling/UML tool.
回答6:
If you use eclipse, maybe PyUML. Haven't used it, though.
回答7:
Umbrello does that too. in the menu go to Code -> import project and then point to the root deirectory of your project. then it reverses the code for ya...
回答8:
vipera is a small application designer, and uml is included. You can see it in:
vipera
Best regards.
回答9:
The SPE IDE has built-in UML creator. Just open the files in SPE and click on the UML tab.
I don't know how comprhensive it is for your needs, but it doesn't require any additional downloads or configurations to use.
回答10:
Sparx's Enterprise Architect performs round-tripping of Python source. They have a free time-limited trial edition.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/260165/whats-the-best-way-to-generate-a-uml-diagram-from-python-source-code