Assigning variables with dynamic names in Java

问题

I\'d like to assign a set of variables in java as follows:

int n1,n2,n3;

for(int i=1;i<4;i++)
{
    n<i> = 5;
}

How can I achieve this in Java?

回答1:

This is not how you do things in Java. There are no dynamic variables in Java. Java variables have to be declared in the source code¹.

Depending on what you are trying to achieve, you should use an array, a List or a Map; e.g.

int n[] = new int[3];
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
    n[i] = 5;
}

List<Integer> n = new ArrayList<Integer>();
for (int i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
    n.add(5);
}

Map<String, Integer> n = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
for (int i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
    n.put("n" + i, 5);
}

---

It is possible to use reflection to dynamically refer to variables that have been declared in the source code. However, this only works for variables that are class members (i.e. static and instance fields). It doesn't work for local variables. See @fyr's "quick and dirty" example.

However doing this kind of thing unnecessarily in Java is a bad idea. It is inefficient, the code is more complicated, and since you are relying on runtime checking it is more fragile. And this is not "variables with dynamic names". It is better described as dynamic access to variables with static names.

---

^{1 - That statement is slightly inaccurate. If you use BCEL or ASM, you can "declare" the variables in the bytecode file. But don't do it! That way lies madness!}

回答2:

If you want to access the variables some sort of dynamic you may use reflection. However Reflection works not for local variables. It is only applyable for class attributes.

A rough quick and dirty example is this:

public class T {
    public Integer n1;
    public Integer n2;
    public Integer n3;

    public void accessAttributes() throws IllegalArgumentException, SecurityException, IllegalAccessException,
            NoSuchFieldException {

        for (int i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
            T.class.getField("n" + i).set(this, 5);
        }
    }
}

You need to improve this code in various ways it is only an example. This is also not considered to be good code.

回答3:

What you need is named array. I wanted to write the following code:

int[] n = new int[4];

for(int i=1;i<4;i++)
{
    n[i] = 5;
}

回答4:

You should use List or array instead

List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
list.add(1);
list.add(2);
list.add(3);

Or

int[] arr  = new int[10];
arr[0]=1;
arr[1]=2;

Or even better

Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
map.put("n1", 1);
map.put("n2", 2);

//conditionally get 
map.get("n1");

回答5:

Dynamic Variable Names in Java
There is no such thing.

In your case you can use array:

int[] n = new int[3];
for() {
 n[i] = 5;
}

For more general (name, value) pairs, use Map<>

回答6:

Try this way:

    HashMap<String, Integer> hashMap = new HashMap();

    for (int i=1; i<=3; i++) {
        hashMap.put("n" + i, 5);
    }

回答7:

You don't. The closest thing you can do is working with Maps to simulate it, or defining your own Objects to deal with.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6729605/assigning-variables-with-dynamic-names-in-java