问题起因，在两台host上用同样的方法编译了同样的vim73包，可是运行的时候，一台host上vim有颜色，而另一台却没有颜色。于是开始侦查。
首先打开vim，输入命令 scriptnames看看vim加载了哪些脚本。
:scriptnames
输出入下
1: /home/users/xxx/.vimrc 2: /home/users/xxx/tools/share/vim/vim73/colors/darkblue.vim 3: /home/users/xxx/tools/share/vim/vim73/syntax/syntax.vim 4: /home/users/xxx/tools/share/vim/vim73/syntax/synload.vim 5: /home/users/xxx/tools/share/vim/vim73/syntax/syncolor.vim 6: /home/users/xxx/tools/share/vim/vim73/filetype.vim 7: /home/users/xxx/tools/share/vim/vim73/plugin/getscriptPlugin.vim 8: /home/users/xxx/tools/share/vim/vim73/plugin/gzip.vim 9: /home/users/xxx/tools/share/vim/vim73/plugin/matchparen.vim 10: /home/users/xxx/tools/share/vim/vim73/plugin/netrwPlugin.vim 11: /home/users/xxx/tools/share/vim/vim73/plugin/rrhelper.vim 12: /home/users/xxx/tools/share/vim/vim73/plugin/spellfile.vim 13: /home/users/xxx/tools/share/vim/vim73/plugin/tarPlugin.vim 14: /home/users/xxx/tools/share/vim/vim73/plugin/tohtml.vim 15: /home/users/xxx/tools/share/vim/vim73/plugin/vimballPlugin.vim 16: /home/users/xxx/tools/share/vim/vim73/plugin/zipPlugin.vim
可见所有和语法及颜色相关的脚本都已经加载了，应该不是它们的问题。
在看.vimrc配置文件
1 set nocompatible " Vim settings, not Vi settings. must be first 2 set autoindent " Auto align when insert new line, for instance, when using o or O to insert new line. 3 set ruler " Show ruler at the bottom-right of vim window 4 set showcmd 5 set backspace=indent,eol,start " Enable delete for backspace under insert mode" 6 colorscheme darkblue 7 set number " Show line number 8 syntax on 9 if &term =~ "xterm" 10 if has("terminfo") 11 set t_Co=8 12 set t_Sf=^[[3%p1%dm 13 set t_Sb=^[[4%p1%dm 14 else 15 set t_Co=8 16 set t_Sf=^[[3%dm 17 set t_Sb=^[[4%dm 18 endif 19 endif
从第9行开始，如果用的是xterm，那就就进行下面的颜色设置，那么如果系统用的不是xterm呢？于是赶紧查看，在shell终端输入如下命令
echo $TERM
结果如下
vt100+
果然不是xterm，怪不得没有颜色。
解决办法：打开shell配置文件，.bash_profile或.bashrc加入下面一行
TERM=xtermexport TERM
重新敲一下bash，再次运行vim，颜色来啦！兴奋！
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/softwaretesting/archive/2012/01/10/2317820.html