首先来看一下,配置文件解析时的数据结构,这里主要是ngx_conf_t,这个结构保存了解析配置文件所需要的一些域,是一个非常重要的数据结构.
struct ngx_conf_s{
char *name;//当前解析的命令名
ngx_array_t *args; //当前命令的所有参数
ngx_cycle_t *cycle;
ngx_pool_t *pool;
ngx_pool_t *temp_pool;
ngx_conf_file_t *conf_file;////这个表示将要解析的配置文件
ngx_log_t *log;
void *ctx;
ngx_uint_t module_type;
ngx_uint_t cmd_type;
ngx_conf_handler_pt handler;
char *handler_conf
}
我们来看配置文件的解析人口,入口在ngx_init_cycle中,就是设置ngx_conf_t然后传递给ngx_conf_parse解析.
//创建conf_ctx
cycle->conf_ctx = ngx_pcalloc(pool, ngx_max_module * sizeof(void *));
if (cycle->conf_ctx == NULL) {
ngx_destroy_pool(pool);
return NULL;
}
for (i = 0; ngx_modules[i]; i++) {
if (ngx_modules[i]->type != NGX_CORE_MODULE) {
continue;
}
module = ngx_modules[i]->ctx;
if (module->create_conf) {
rv = module->create_conf(cycle);
if (rv == NULL) {
ngx_destroy_pool(pool);
return NULL;
}
//这里看到的conf_ctx里面就是放对应模块的main conf
cycle->conf_ctx[ngx_modules[i]->index] = rv;
}
}
conf.ctx = cycle->conf_ctx; //初始化conf
conf.cycle = cycle;
conf.pool = pool;
conf.log = log;
conf.module_type = NGX_CORE_MODULE;//注意,一开始命令的类型就是MAIN,并且模块类型是core。
conf.cmd_type = NGX_MAIN_CONF;
if (ngx_conf_param(&conf) != NGX_CONF_OK) {
environ = senv;
ngx_destroy_cycle_pools(&conf);
return NULL;
}
//开始解析文件
if (ngx_conf_parse(&conf, &cycle->conf_file) != NGX_CONF_OK) {
environ = senv;
ngx_destroy_cycle_pools(&conf);
return NULL;
}
然后我们来看一下 ngx_conf_parse这个函数,这个函数的第二个参数是解析文件名(nginx.conf),不过这里要注意一点,那就是第二个参数是可以为空的,
如果为空,则说明将要解析的是block或者param.
har *
ngx_conf_parse(ngx_conf_t *cf, ngx_str_t *filename)
{
char *rv;
ngx_fd_t fd;
ngx_int_t rc;
ngx_buf_t buf;
ngx_conf_file_t *prev, conf_file;
enum {
parse_file = 0,
parse_block,
parse_param
} type;
.......
if (filename) {
/* open configuration file */
} else if (cf->conf_file->file.fd != NGX_INVALID_FILE) {
type = parse_block;
} else {
type = parse_param;
}
for ( ;; ) {
rc = ngx_conf_read_token(cf);
/*
* ngx_conf_read_token() may return
*
* NGX_ERROR there is error
* NGX_OK the token terminated by ";" was found
* NGX_CONF_BLOCK_START the token terminated by "{" was found
* NGX_CONF_BLOCK_DONE the "}" was found
* NGX_CONF_FILE_DONE the configuration file is done
*/
........
if (cf->handler) {//如果有handler,则调用handler
rv = (*cf->handler)(cf, NULL, cf->handler_conf);
}
...........
rc = ngx_conf_handler(cf, rc);//没有handler则调用默认解析函数
}
在看ngx_conf_handler之前,我们先看一下nginx的配置文件,以及为什么调用cf->handler。
worker_processes 1;
error_log logs/error.log;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
}
可以看到nginx配置文件是分级的,然后event,http都是一个core模块,然后core模块中包含了很多2级模块(epoll,kqueue).也就是1级模块中必须包含一个上下文用来保存2级模块的配置信息。而在http模块中又有一些特殊,就是http模块中每个指令都具有3个作用域,那就是main/server/loc,所以在http上下文中,必须保存3个上下文.
然后看一下nginx的命令有那些类型:
#define NGX_DIRECT_CONF 0x00010000 #define NGX_MAIN_CONF 0x01000000 #define NGX_ANY_CONF 0x0F000000 #define NGX_EVENT_CONF 0x02000000 #define NGX_HTTP_MAIN_CONF 0x02000000 #define NGX_HTTP_SRV_CONF 0x04000000 #define NGX_HTTP_LOC_CONF 0x08000000 #define NGX_HTTP_UPS_CONF 0x10000000 #define NGX_HTTP_SIF_CONF 0x20000000 #define NGX_HTTP_LIF_CONF 0x40000000 #define NGX_HTTP_LMT_CONF 0x80000000 #define NGX_MAIL_MAIN_CONF 0x02000000 #define NGX_MAIL_SRV_CONF 0x04000000
nginx中的参数类型有这么多种,其中最有必要的是(NGX_DIRECT_CONF,NGX_MAIN_CONF),一般来说这2个命令类型是同时使用的。DIRECT_CONF就是直接存取CONF,也就是说进入命令解析函数的同时,conf已经被创建好了,直需直接使用即可.而MAIN_CONF就是最顶层的CONF。如HTTP/EVENT/pid等,可以看到都是core模块。而NGX_HTTP_xxx就是http的子模块.
理解了nginx的配置的基本结构,我们来看ngx_conf_handler函数:
static ngx_int_t
ngx_conf_handler(ngx_conf_t *cf, ngx_int_t last)
{
.........
for (i = 0; ngx_modules[i]; i++) {
cmd = ngx_modules[i]->commands; //初始话 每个模块中的ngx_command_s
........
conf = NULL;
///最核心的地方
if (cmd->type & NGX_DIRECT_CONF) {
conf = ((void **) cf->ctx)[ngx_modules[i]->index];//我们还记得最开始ctx是包含了所有core模块的conf(create_conf回调),因此这里取出对应的模块conf.
} else if (cmd->type & NGX_MAIN_CONF) { //如果不是DIRECT_CONF并且是MAIN,则说明我们需要在配置中创建自己模块的上下文(也就是需要进入二级模块)
conf = &(((void **) cf->ctx)[ngx_modules[i]->index]);
} else if (cf->ctx) {//否则进入二级模块处理
confp = *(void **) ((char *) cf->ctx + cmd->conf);
if (confp) {
conf = confp[ngx_modules[i]->ctx_index];
}
}
rv = cmd->set(cf, cmd, conf); //ngx_commands_s 中set函数回调
....
}
我们以http模块举例:
//可以看到没有direct_conf,是因为http有2级模块
static ngx_command_t ngx_http_commands[] = {
{ ngx_string("http"),
NGX_MAIN_CONF|NGX_CONF_BLOCK|NGX_CONF_NOARGS,
ngx_http_block,
0,
0,
NULL },
ngx_null_command
};
static char *
ngx_http_block(ngx_conf_t *cf, ngx_command_t *cmd, void *conf)
{
char *rv;
ngx_uint_t mi, m, s;
ngx_conf_t pcf;
ngx_http_module_t *module;
ngx_http_conf_ctx_t *ctx;
ngx_http_core_loc_conf_t *clcf;
ngx_http_core_srv_conf_t **cscfp;
ngx_http_core_main_conf_t *cmcf;
/* the main http context */
ctx = ngx_pcalloc(cf->pool, sizeof(ngx_http_conf_ctx_t));
if (ctx == NULL) {
return NGX_CONF_ERROR;
}
//最核心的地方,可以看到修改了传递进来的conf
*(ngx_http_conf_ctx_t **) conf = ctx;
/* count the number of the http modules and set up their indices */
ngx_http_max_module = 0;
for (m = 0; ngx_modules[m]; m++) {
if (ngx_modules[m]->type != NGX_HTTP_MODULE) {
continue;
}
//然后保存了对应模块的索引.
ngx_modules[m]->ctx_index = ngx_http_max_module++;
}
/* the http main_conf context, it is the same in the all http contexts */
//创建HTTP对应的conf,因为每个级别(main/ser/loc)都会包含模块的conf.
ctx->main_conf = ngx_pcalloc(cf->pool,
sizeof(void *) * ngx_http_max_module);
if (ctx->main_conf == NULL) {
return NGX_CONF_ERROR;
}
/*
* the http null srv_conf context, it is used to merge
* the server{}s' srv_conf's
*/
ctx->srv_conf = ngx_pcalloc(cf->pool, sizeof(void *) * ngx_http_max_module);
if (ctx->srv_conf == NULL) {
return NGX_CONF_ERROR;
}
/*
* the http null loc_conf context, it is used to merge
* the server{}s' loc_conf's
*/
ctx->loc_conf = ngx_pcalloc(cf->pool, sizeof(void *) * ngx_http_max_module);
if (ctx->loc_conf == NULL) {
return NGX_CONF_ERROR;
}
/*
* create the main_conf's, the null srv_conf's, and the null loc_conf's
* of the all http modules
*/
....................................
//保存当前使用的cf,因为我们只是在解析HTTP时需要改变当前的cf,
pcf = *cf;
//保存当前模块的上下文
cf->ctx = ctx;
..........................................
/* parse inside the http{} block */
//设置模块类型和命令类型
cf->module_type = NGX_HTTP_MODULE;
cf->cmd_type = NGX_HTTP_MAIN_CONF;
//开始解析,这里注意传递进去的文件名是空
rv = ngx_conf_parse(cf, NULL);
if (rv != NGX_CONF_OK) {
goto failed;
}
/*
* init http{} main_conf's, merge the server{}s' srv_conf's
* and its location{}s' loc_conf's
*/
.........................................
/*
* http{}'s cf->ctx was needed while the configuration merging
* and in postconfiguration process
*/
//回复cf
*cf = pcf;
}
这里有个非常关键的地方,那就是在每个级别都会保存对应的ctx(main/ser/loc),怎么说呢,就是在解析HTTP main中创建了3个ctx(main/srv/loc),而在HTTP srv block中将会创建2个ctx(main/srv/loc),或许会问重复了怎么办?重复了,那就需要merge了。比如一个命令(srv_offset)在HTTP main中有一个,那么Nginx将会把它放入到HTTP main的ctx的srv ctx中,然后server block也有一个,那么Nginx会继续把它放到Server ctx的 srv_conf中,最后merge他们。
{ ngx_string("server"),
NGX_HTTP_MAIN_CONF|NGX_CONF_BLOCK|NGX_CONF_MULTI|NGX_CONF_NOARGS,
ngx_http_core_server,
0,
0,
NULL },
static char *
ngx_http_core_server(ngx_conf_t *cf, ngx_command_t *cmd, void *dummy)
{
char *rv;
void *mconf;
ngx_uint_t i;
ngx_conf_t pcf;
ngx_http_module_t *module;
struct sockaddr_in *sin;
ngx_http_conf_ctx_t *ctx, *http_ctx;
ngx_http_listen_opt_t lsopt;
ngx_http_core_srv_conf_t *cscf, **cscfp;
ngx_http_core_main_conf_t *cmcf;
ctx = ngx_pcalloc(cf->pool, sizeof(ngx_http_conf_ctx_t));
if (ctx == NULL) {
return NGX_CONF_ERROR;
}
http_ctx = cf->ctx;
//main conf不变
ctx->main_conf = http_ctx->main_conf;
/* the server{}'s srv_conf */
//创建新的srv和loc conf.
ctx->srv_conf = ngx_pcalloc(cf->pool, sizeof(void *) * ngx_http_max_module);
if (ctx->srv_conf == NULL) {
return NGX_CONF_ERROR;
}
/* the server{}'s loc_conf */
ctx->loc_conf = ngx_pcalloc(cf->pool, sizeof(void *) * ngx_http_max_module);
if (ctx->loc_conf == NULL) {
return NGX_CONF_ERROR;
}
............................
/* the server configuration context */
cscf = ctx->srv_conf[ngx_http_core_module.ctx_index];
cscf->ctx = ctx;
cmcf = ctx->main_conf[ngx_http_core_module.ctx_index];
//保存所有的servers,可以看到是保存在main中的。这样子最后在HTTP main中就可以取到这个srv conf.
cscfp = ngx_array_push(&cmcf->servers);
if (cscfp == NULL) {
return NGX_CONF_ERROR;
}
*cscfp = cscf;
/* parse inside server{} */
//解析,可以看到设置type为srv_conf.
pcf = *cf;
cf->ctx = ctx;
cf->cmd_type = NGX_HTTP_SRV_CONF;
rv = ngx_conf_parse(cf, NULL);
//恢复cf.
*cf = pcf;}
然后来看一些简单的命令是如何使用和配置的。在看之前先来看几个核心的结构:
typedef struct {
void **main_conf;
void **srv_conf;
void **loc_conf;
} ngx_http_conf_ctx_t;
//下面这些就是放到ngx_command_t的conf域,可以看到就是对应conf的偏移.
#define NGX_HTTP_MAIN_CONF_OFFSET offsetof(ngx_http_conf_ctx_t, main_conf)
#define NGX_HTTP_SRV_CONF_OFFSET offsetof(ngx_http_conf_ctx_t, srv_conf)
#define NGX_HTTP_LOC_CONF_OFFSET offsetof(ngx_http_conf_ctx_t, loc_conf)
//下面就是如何来取模块的配置
#define ngx_http_get_module_main_conf(r, module) \
(r)->main_conf[module.ctx_index]
#define ngx_http_get_module_srv_conf(r, module) (r)->srv_conf[module.ctx_index]
#define ngx_http_get_module_loc_conf(r, module) (r)->loc_conf[module.ctx_index]
#define ngx_http_conf_get_module_main_conf(cf, module) \
((ngx_http_conf_ctx_t *) cf->ctx)->main_conf[module.ctx_index]
#define ngx_http_conf_get_module_srv_conf(cf, module) \
((ngx_http_conf_ctx_t *) cf->ctx)->srv_conf[module.ctx_index]
#define ngx_http_conf_get_module_loc_conf(cf, module) \
((ngx_http_conf_ctx_t *) cf->ctx)->loc_conf[module.ctx_index]
#define ngx_http_cycle_get_module_main_conf(cycle, module) \
(cycle->conf_ctx[ngx_http_module.index] ? \
((ngx_http_conf_ctx_t *) cycle->conf_ctx[ngx_http_module.index]) \
->main_conf[module.ctx_index]: \
NULL)
#define ngx_get_conf(conf_ctx, module) conf_ctx[module.index]
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/fll369/archive/2012/11/27/2790780.html