Is there a method like JavaScript's substr in Rust?

问题

I looked at the Rust docs for String but I can't find a way to extract a substring.

Is there a method like JavaScript's substr in Rust? If not, how would you implement it?

str.substr(start[, length])

The closest is probably slice_unchecked but it uses byte offsets instead of character indexes and is marked unsafe.

回答1:

For characters, you can use s.chars().skip(pos).take(len):

fn main() {
    let s = "Hello, world!";
    let ss: String = s.chars().skip(7).take(5).collect();
    println!("{}", ss);
}

Beware of the definition of Unicode characters though.

For bytes, you can use the slice syntax:

fn main() {
    let s = "Hello, world!";
    let ss = &s[7..12];
    println!("{}", ss);
}

回答2:

You can use the as_str method on the Chars iterator to get back a &str slice after you have stepped on the iterator. So to skip the first start chars, you can call

let s = "Some text to slice into";
let mut iter = s.chars();
iter.by_ref().nth(start); // eat up start values
let slice = iter.as_str(); // get back a slice of the rest of the iterator

Now if you also want to limit the length, you first need to figure out the byte-position of the length character:

let end_pos = slice.char_indices().nth(length).map(|(n, _)| n).unwrap_or(0);
let substr = &slice[..end_pos];

This might feel a little roundabout, but Rust is not hiding anything from you that might take up CPU cycles. That said, I wonder why there's no crate yet that offers a substr method.

回答3:

For my_string.substring(start, len)-like syntax, you can write a custom trait:

trait StringUtils {
    fn substring(&self, start: usize, len: usize) -> Self;
}

impl StringUtils for String {
    fn substring(&self, start: usize, len: usize) -> Self {
        self.chars().skip(start).take(len).collect()
    }
}

// Usage:
fn main() {
    let phrase: String = "this is a string".to_string();
    println!("{}", phrase.substring(5, 8)); // prints "is a str"
}

回答4:

This code performs both substring-ing and string-slicing, without panicking nor allocating:

use std::ops::{Bound, RangeBounds};

trait StringUtils {
    fn substring(&self, start: usize, len: usize) -> &str;
    fn slice(&self, range: impl RangeBounds<usize>) -> &str;
}

impl StringUtils for str {
    fn substring(&self, start: usize, len: usize) -> &str {
        let mut char_pos = 0;
        let mut byte_start = 0;
        let mut it = self.chars();
        loop {
            if char_pos == start { break; }
            if let Some(c) = it.next() {
                char_pos += 1;
                byte_start += c.len_utf8();
            }
            else { break; }
        }
        char_pos = 0;
        let mut byte_end = byte_start;
        loop {
            if char_pos == len { break; }
            if let Some(c) = it.next() {
                char_pos += 1;
                byte_end += c.len_utf8();
            }
            else { break; }
        }
        &self[byte_start..byte_end]
    }
    fn slice(&self, range: impl RangeBounds<usize>) -> &str {
        let start = match range.start_bound() {
            Bound::Included(bound) | Bound::Excluded(bound) => *bound,
            Bound::Unbounded => 0,
        };
        let len = match range.end_bound() {
            Bound::Included(bound) => *bound + 1,
            Bound::Excluded(bound) => *bound,
            Bound::Unbounded => self.len(),
        } - start;
        self.substring(start, len)
    }
}

fn main() {
    let s = "abcdèfghij";
    // All three statements should print:
    // "abcdè, abcdèfghij, dèfgh, dèfghij."
    println!("{}, {}, {}, {}.",
        s.substring(0, 5),
        s.substring(0, 50),
        s.substring(3, 5),
        s.substring(3, 50));
    println!("{}, {}, {}, {}.",
        s.slice(..5),
        s.slice(..50),
        s.slice(3..8),
        s.slice(3..));
    println!("{}, {}, {}, {}.",
        s.slice(..=4),
        s.slice(..=49),
        s.slice(3..=7),
        s.slice(3..));
}

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37157926/is-there-a-method-like-javascripts-substr-in-rust