问题
This problem occurs despite unchecked 'Enable Edit & Continue`:

回答1:
This issue has been resolved in Visual Studio 2015 Update 3. Read the release notes here.
Web Developer Tools
For ASP.NET Web Application projects, when "Enable Edit and Continue" checkbox is unchecked, the IIS Express process will no longer stop every time you stop debugging.
回答2:
This work-around is working for me. Instead of hitting the "Stop" debugging button, go to the Debug menu item and select "Detach All". This will detach VS from IIS Express, but leave it up and running.
回答3:
You have to use Debug -> Detach All
button instead.
How to add "Detach All" button inside of "Stop":
1-
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4-
Update:
In Visual Studio 2015 Update 3 you have Enable Edit & Continue
in project's properties again.
来源:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/36353293/after-installing-vs-2015-update-2-iis-express-closes-when-i-stop-debugging