关于简单动态路由协议配置,注入,路由重分布

主宰稳场 提交于 2020-01-05 09:10:28

动态路由的配置记录基于cisco模拟器  Packet Tracer Student 6.2 ,一下是实践以及具体内容

拓扑结构基本如图所示:

 

RIP协议

  RIP协议现有两个版本,v1和v2 ,

命令 功能  命令 功能
router rip 指定使用RIP协议 show ip route 查看路由表信息
version {1|2} 指定RIP版本 show ip route rip 查看RIP协议的路由信息
network network 指定改路由器相连的网络 show ip protocol 查看路由协议的配置信息

  

 

 

 

 

 

两个版本的区别在于:

    v1 不支持变长的子网掩码, 同时会将IP地址自动汇总

    v2 支持变长的子网掩码,同时能够关闭自动汇总

 RIPv1

 1 Router(config)#router rip
 2 Router(config-router)#version 1             //选择rip的版本,默认为 1 版本
 3 Router(config-router)#do show ip route      //查看直连网络
 4 Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
 5        D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
 6        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
 7        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
 8        i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
 9        * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
10        P - periodic downloaded static route
11 
12 Gateway of last resort is not set
13 
14      1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
15 C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
16      192.168.1.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
17 C       192.168.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
18 
19 Router(config-router)#network 1.1.1.0 ?    //从此处能够发现ripv1 的宣告规则
20   <cr>
21 Router(config-router)#network 1.1.1.0 
22 Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0        

  通过ripv1来宣告路由方法如上

 RIPv2

1 Router(config)#router rip 
2 Router(config-router)#version 2           //选择rip 2版本
3 Router(config-router)#no auto-summary     //关闭自动汇总
4 Router(config-router)#network 1.1.1.0 ?
5   <cr>
6 Router(config-router)#network 1.1.1.0
7 Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 

  RIPv2 与RIPv1 配置方法均较为简单,但要注意最多支持15个路由器

  除此之外有些共通的命令

 

 1 Router(config)#int loopback 0     //采用回环接口,相当于建立虚拟主机
 2 
 3 Router(config-if)#
 4 %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Loopback0, changed state to up
 5 
 6 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up
 7 
 8 Router(config-if)#ip address 15.15.15.15 255.255.255.255
 9 Router(config-if)#do show ip route
10 Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
11        D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
12        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
13        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
14        i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
15        * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
16        P - periodic downloaded static route
17 
18 Gateway of last resort is not set
19 
20      1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
21 C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
22      15.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
23 C       15.15.15.15 is directly connected, Loopback0  //在这里可以看到创建的回环地址
24      192.168.1.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
25 C       192.168.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0

debug ip rip 显示更新过程

1 Router(config-if)#do debug ip rip
2 RIP protocol debugging is on

    no debug ip rip 关闭显示更新过程

1 Router(config-if)#do no debug ip rip
2 RIP protocol debugging is off

   passive-interface        禁止端口路由信息更新

Router(config-router)#passive-interface fastEthernet 0/0

rip中的路由重分发

Router(config-router)#default-information originate 

rip中的动态路由注入

1 Router(config-router)#redistribute ?
2   connected  Connected
3   eigrp      Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)        //EIGRP协议
4   metric     Metric for redistributed routes                   //重新分配路由的度量
5   ospf       Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)                   //OSPF协议
6   rip        Routing Information Protocol (RIP)                 //RIP协议
7   static     Static routes                             //静态路由

   在rip中注入ospf

 1 Router(config-router)#redistribute ospf ?
 2   <1-65535>  Process ID
 3 Router(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1

   在rip中注入EIGRP

1 Router(config-router)#redistribute eigrp ?
2   <1-65535>  Autonomous system number
3 Router(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 1

 

ospf协议

命令 功能
router ospf process-id 指定使用OSPF协议
network address wildcard-mask area area-id 指定与该路由器相连的网段
show ip route 查看路由表信息
show ip route ospf

查看OSPF协议的路由信息

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 1 Router(config)#router ospf ?
 2   <1-65535>  Process ID
 3 Router(config)#router ospf 1     //使用OSPF协议,并且创建进程 ID=1
 4 Router(config-router)#do show ip route
 5 
 6 Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
 7        D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
 8        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
 9        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
10        i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
11        * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
12        P - periodic downloaded static route
13 
14 Gateway of last resort is not set
15 
16      1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
17 C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
18      192.168.1.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
19 C       192.168.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
20 
21 Router(config-router)#network 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 area 0   //在OSPF 中区分区域 0区域称为主干区域  使用并配置多个区域可减小链路状态数据
22 Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 area 0

 OSPF中注入RIP

1 Router(config-router)#router ospf 1
2 Router(config-router)#redistribute r
3 Router(config-router)#redistribute rip ?
4   metric       Metric for redistributed routes 
5   metric-type  OSPF/IS-IS exterior metric type for redistributed routes   //
6   subnets      Consider subnets for redistribution into OSPF        //考虑将子网重新分配到OSPF中
7   tag          Set tag for routes redistributed into OSPF          //为路由重新分配到OSPF的路由设置标记
8   <cr>
9 Router(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets 

 OSPF注入EIGRP

1 Router(config-router)#REdistribute Eigrp ?
2   <1-65535>  Autonomous system number
3 Router(config-router)#REdistribute Eigrp 1 ?
4   metric       Metric for redistributed routes
5   metric-type  OSPF/IS-IS exterior metric type for redistributed routes
6   subnets      Consider subnets for redistribution into OSPF
7   tag          Set tag for routes redistributed into OSPF
8   <cr>
9 Router(config-router)#REdistribute Eigrp 1 Subnets

 端口下OSPF的控制

1 Router(config-if)#bandwidth ?            //修改开销值
2   <1-10000000>  Bandwidth in kilobits
3 Router(config-if)#ip ospf hello-interval ?     //修改hello包间隔时间
4   <1-65535>  Seconds
5 Router(config-if)#ip ospf cost ?          //指定接口开销
6   <1-65535>  Cost

 

EIGRP协议

命令 功能
router eigrp autonomous-system 指定使用IGRP协议
network network 指定与该路由器相连的网络
show ip route 查看路由表信息
show ip route eigrp 查看IGRP协议的路由信息

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 Router(config)#router eigrp ?
2   <1-65535>  Autonomous system number
3 Router(config)#router eigrp 1
4 Router(config-router)#no auto-summary 
5 Router(config-router)#network 1.1.1.0
6 Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0

端口下EIGRP控制

 1 Router(config-if)#ip summary-address ?
 2   eigrp  Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
 3 Router(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp ?
 4   <1-65535>  Autonomous system number
 5 Router(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 1 ?
 6   A.B.C.D  IP address
 7 //手动总结
 8 Router(config-if)#ip hello-interval ?
 9   eigrp  Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
10 Router(config-if)#ip hello-interval e
11 Router(config-if)#ip hello-interval eigrp ?
12   <1-65535>  Autonomous system number
13 Router(config-if)#ip hello-interval eigrp 1 ?
14   <1-65535>  Seconds between hello transmissions  //设置hello 间隔和保留时间

EIGRP中的动态路由注入(以OSPF为例)

 1 Router(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 ?
 2   match   Redistribution of OSPF routes                  //OSPF路由重分布
 3   metric  Metric for redistributed routes               //重新分配路由度量
 4   <cr>
 5 Router(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric ?
 6   <1-4294967295>  Bandwidth metric in Kbits per second        //带宽度量
 7 Router(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 64 ?
 8   <0-4294967295>  EIGRP delay metric, in 10 microsecond units     //延迟
 9 Router(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 64 10 ?
10   <0-255>  EIGRP reliability metric where 255 is 100% reliable     //可靠性
11 Router(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 64 10 255  ?
12   <1-255>  EIGRP Effective bandwidth metric (Loading) where 255 is 100% loaded  //有效带宽加载
13 Router(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 64 10 255  1 ?
14   <1-65535>  EIGRP MTU of the path                      //MTU路径
15 Router(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 64 10 255  1 1 

 

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