问题
I'm looking to read in an Excel workbook with 15 fields and about 2000 rows, and convert each row to a dictionary in Python. I then want to append each dictionary to a list. I'd like each field in the top row of the workbook to be a key within each dictionary, and have the corresponding cell value be the value within the dictionary. I've already looked at examples here and here, but I'd like to do something a bit different. The second example will work, but I feel like it would be more efficient looping over the top row to populate the dictionary keys and then iterate through each row to get the values. My Excel file contains data from discussion forums and looks something like this (obviously with more columns):
id thread_id forum_id post_time votes post_text
4 100 3 1377000566 1 'here is some text'
5 100 4 1289003444 0 'even more text here'
So, I'd like the fields id, thread_id and so on, to be the dictionary keys. I'd like my dictionaries to look like:
{id: 4,
thread_id: 100,
forum_id: 3,
post_time: 1377000566,
votes: 1,
post_text: 'here is some text'}
Initially, I had some code like this iterating through the file, but my scope is wrong for some of the for-loops and I'm generating way too many dictionaries. Here's my initial code:
import xlrd
from xlrd import open_workbook, cellname
book = open('forum.xlsx', 'r')
sheet = book.sheet_by_index(3)
dict_list = []
for row_index in range(sheet.nrows):
for col_index in range(sheet.ncols):
d = {}
# My intuition for the below for-loop is to take each cell in the top row of the
# Excel sheet and add it as a key to the dictionary, and then pass the value of
# current index in the above loops as the value to the dictionary. This isn't
# working.
for i in sheet.row(0):
d[str(i)] = sheet.cell(row_index, col_index).value
dlist.append(d)
Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance for reading.
回答1:
The idea is to, first, read the header into the list. Then, iterate over the sheet rows (starting from the next after the header), create new dictionary based on header keys and appropriate cell values and append it to the list of dictionaries:
from xlrd import open_workbook
book = open_workbook('forum.xlsx')
sheet = book.sheet_by_index(3)
# read header values into the list
keys = [sheet.cell(0, col_index).value for col_index in xrange(sheet.ncols)]
dict_list = []
for row_index in xrange(1, sheet.nrows):
d = {keys[col_index]: sheet.cell(row_index, col_index).value
for col_index in xrange(sheet.ncols)}
dict_list.append(d)
print dict_list
For a sheet containing:
A B C D
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
it prints:
[{'A': 1.0, 'C': 3.0, 'B': 2.0, 'D': 4.0},
{'A': 5.0, 'C': 7.0, 'B': 6.0, 'D': 8.0}]
UPD (expanding the dictionary comprehension):
d = {}
for col_index in xrange(sheet.ncols):
d[keys[col_index]] = sheet.cell(row_index, col_index).value
回答2:
from xlrd import open_workbook
dict_list = []
book = open_workbook('forum.xlsx')
sheet = book.sheet_by_index(3)
# read first row for keys
keys = sheet.row_values(0)
# read the rest rows for values
values = [sheet.row_values(i) for i in range(1, sheet.nrows)]
for value in values:
dict_list.append(dict(zip(keys, value)))
print dict_list
回答3:
Try this one. This function below will return generator contains dict of each row and column.
from xlrd import open_workbook
for row in parse_xlsx():
print row # {id: 4, thread_id: 100, forum_id: 3, post_time: 1377000566, votes: 1, post_text: 'here is some text'}
def parse_xlsx():
workbook = open_workbook('excelsheet.xlsx')
sheets = workbook.sheet_names()
active_sheet = workbook.sheet_by_name(sheets[0])
num_rows = active_sheet.nrows
num_cols = active_sheet.ncols
header = [active_sheet.cell_value(0, cell).lower() for cell in range(num_cols)]
for row_idx in xrange(1, num_rows):
row_cell = [active_sheet.cell_value(row_idx, col_idx) for col_idx in range(num_cols)]
yield dict(zip(header, row_cell))
回答4:
This script allow you to transform a excel data to list of dictionnary
import xlrd
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('forum.xls')
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('forum.xls', on_demand = True)
worksheet = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
first_row = [] # The row where we stock the name of the column
for col in range(worksheet.ncols):
first_row.append( worksheet.cell_value(0,col) )
# tronsform the workbook to a list of dictionnary
data =[]
for row in range(1, worksheet.nrows):
elm = {}
for col in range(worksheet.ncols):
elm[first_row[col]]=worksheet.cell_value(row,col)
data.append(elm)
print data
回答5:
Try to first set up your keys by parsing just the first line, all columns, another function to parse the data, then call them in order.
all_fields_list = []
header_dict = {}
def parse_data_headers(sheet):
global header_dict
for c in range(sheet.ncols):
key = sheet.cell(1, c) #here 1 is the row number where your header is
header_dict[c] = key #store it somewhere, here I have chosen to store in a dict
def parse_data(sheet):
for r in range(2, sheet.nrows):
row_dict = {}
for c in range(sheet.ncols):
value = sheet.cell(r,c)
row_dict[c] = value
all_fields_list.append(row_dict)
回答6:
This answer helped me out a lot! I was fiddling with a way to do this for about two hours. Then I found this elegant and short answer. Thanks!
I needed some way to convert xls to json using keys.
So I adapted the script above with a json print statement like so:
from xlrd import open_workbook
import simplejson as json
#http://stackoverflow.com/questions/23568409/xlrd-python-reading-excel-file-into-dict-with-for-loops?lq=1
book = open_workbook('makelijk-bomen-herkennen-schors.xls')
sheet = book.sheet_by_index(0)
# read header values into the list
keys = [sheet.cell(0, col_index).value for col_index in xrange(sheet.ncols)]
print "keys are", keys
dict_list = []
for row_index in xrange(1, sheet.nrows):
d = {keys[col_index]: sheet.cell(row_index, col_index).value
for col_index in xrange(sheet.ncols)}
dict_list.append(d)
#print dict_list
j = json.dumps(dict_list)
# Write to file
with open('data.json', 'w') as f:
f.write(j)
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23568409/xlrd-python-reading-excel-file-into-dict-with-for-loops