Replacing specific characters in first column of text

问题

I have a text file and I'm trying to replace a specific character (.) in the first column to another character (-). Every field is delimited by comma. Some of the lines have the last 3 columns empty, so they have 3 commas at the end.

Example of text file:

abc.def.ghi,123.4561.789,ABC,DEF,GHI
abc.def.ghq,124.4562.789,ABC,DEF,GHI
abc.def.ghw,125.4563.789,ABC,DEF,GHI
abc.def.ghe,126.4564.789,,,
abc.def.ghr,127.4565.789,,,

What I tried was using awk to replace '.' in the first column with '-', then print out the contents.

ETA: Tried out sarnold's suggestion and got the output I want.

ETA2: I could have a longer first column. Is there a way to change ONLY the first 3 '.' in the first column to '-', so I get the output

abc-def-ghi-qqq.www,123.4561.789,ABC,DEF,GHI
abc-def-ghq-qqq.www,124.4562.789,ABC,DEF,GHI
abc-def-ghw-qqq.www,125.4563.789,ABC,DEF,GHI
abc-def-ghe-qqq.www,126.4564.789,,,
abc-def-ghr-qqq.www,127.4565.789,,,

回答1:

. is regexp notation for "any character". Escape it with \ and it means .:

$ awk -F, '{gsub(/\./,"-",$1); print}' textfile.csv 
abc-def-ghi 123.4561.789 ABC DEF GHI
abc-def-ghq 124.4562.789 ABC DEF GHI
abc-def-ghw 125.4563.789 ABC DEF GHI
abc-def-ghe 126.4564.789   
abc-def-ghr 127.4565.789   
$

The output field separator is a space, by default. Set OFS = "," to set that:

$ awk  -F, 'BEGIN {OFS=","} {gsub(/\./,"-",$1); print}' textfile.csv 
abc-def-ghi,123.4561.789,ABC,DEF,GHI
abc-def-ghq,124.4562.789,ABC,DEF,GHI
abc-def-ghw,125.4563.789,ABC,DEF,GHI
abc-def-ghe,126.4564.789,,,
abc-def-ghr,127.4565.789,,,

This still allows changing multiple fields:

$ awk  -F, 'BEGIN {OFS=","} {gsub(/\./,"-",$1); gsub("1", "#",$2); print}' textfile.csv 
abc-def-ghi,#23.456#.789,ABC,DEF,GHI
abc-def-ghq,#24.4562.789,ABC,DEF,GHI
abc-def-ghw,#25.4563.789,ABC,DEF,GHI
abc-def-ghe,#26.4564.789,,,
abc-def-ghr,#27.4565.789,,,

I don't know what -OFS, does, but it isn't a supported command line option; using it to set the output field separator was a mistake on my part. Setting OFS within the awk program works well.

回答2:

This might work for you:

awk -F, -vOFS=, '{for(n=1;n<=3;n++)sub(/\./,"-",$1)}1' file
abc-def-ghi-qqq.www,123.4561.789,ABC,DEF,GHI
abc-def-ghq-qqq.www,124.4562.789,ABC,DEF,GHI
abc-def-ghw-qqq.www,125.4563.789,ABC,DEF,GHI
abc-def-ghe-qqq.www,126.4564.789,,,
abc-def-ghr-qqq.www,127.4565.789,,,

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10406961/replacing-specific-characters-in-first-column-of-text

标签

replace

awk