Python can't find module NLTK

问题

I followed these instructions http://www.nltk.org/install.html to install nltk module on my mac (10.6) I have installed python 2.7, but when I open IDLE and type import nltk it gives me this error

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#0>", line 1, in <module>
    import nltk
ImportError: No module named nltk

The problem is the module is installed in another python version, 2.6. How can I install the package in python version 2.7? I tried some of the solutions suggested in various answers, for example I tried typing this in the terminal

export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages

and then installed NLTK again with the command

sudo pip install -U nltk

but I get the message: Requirement already up-to-date in /Library/Python/2.6/. So apparently the command line export PYTHONPATH didn't do anything (it still tries to install the package in 2.6) OR (more likely) I didn't understand the meaning/functioning of that command line. What am I doing wrong?

回答1:

On OS X you could have multiple installation of Python, so investigate it first:

$ which python python2 python3
/usr/bin/python
/usr/local/bin/python3

$ which pip pip2 pip3
/usr/local/bin/pip
/usr/local/bin/pip2
/usr/local/bin/pip3

All within /usr/bin are built-in and all other in /usr/local/bin are external installed by Homebrew or some other package manager.

If you're using pip or pip3 from /usr/local, then you've to use the same Python instance, otherwise they're different instances.

Just install it via pip:

pip install nltk

or for Python 3:

pip3 install nltk

then run the right Python instance from /usr/local/bin or update your PATH system variable.

回答2:

Make sure you install the actual Python for Mac, not the one built into the console. Then, install pip by executing this script. Then skip to part 3 of the instructions and go from there.

回答3:

I would use a virtualenv, but if you really want to use it from the terminal, I'd recommend adding your export statement to ~/.bashrc

回答4:

On my mac I had two different versions of Python 3 installed: Python 3.6 and Python 3.7. I had installed nltk having Python 3.7 in my $PATH:

$ pip3 install nltk
$ which python3
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3
$ echo $PATH
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin

But nltk was missing for Python 3.6. Solution: install nltk also for version 3.6.

$ echo $PATH
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin
$ pip3 install nltk
Collecting nltk
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6f/ed/9c755d357d33bc1931e157f537721efb5b88d2c583fe593cc09603076cc3/nltk-3.4.zip
Requirement already satisfied: six in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from nltk) (1.12.0)
Collecting singledispatch (from nltk)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c5/10/369f50bcd4621b263927b0a1519987a04383d4a98fb10438042ad410cf88/singledispatch-3.4.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: singledispatch, nltk
  Running setup.py install for nltk ... done
Successfully installed nltk-3.4 singledispatch-3.4.0.3

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27947414/python-cant-find-module-nltk