Dropout entire input layer

问题

Suppose I have two inputs (each with a number of features), that I want to feed into a Dropout layer. I want each iteration to drop out a whole input, with all of its associated features, and keep the whole of the other input.

After concatenating the inputs, I think I need to use the noise_shape parameter for Dropout, but the shape of the concatenated layer doesn't really let me do that. For two inputs of shape (15,), the concatenated shape is (None, 30), rather than (None, 15, 2), so one of the axes is lost and I can't drop out along it.

Any suggestions for what I could do? Thanks.

from keras.layers import Input, concatenate, Dense, Dropout

x = Input((15,))  # 15 features for the 1st input
y = Input((15,))  # 15 features for the 2nd input
xy = concatenate([x, y])
print(xy._keras_shape)
# (None, 30)

layer = Dropout(rate=0.5, noise_shape=[xy.shape[0], 1])(xy)
...

回答1:

EDIT :

Seems like I misunderstood your question, here is the updated answer based on your requirement.

To achieve what you want, x and y effectively become the timesteps, and according to Keras documentation, noise_shape=(batch_size, 1, features) if your input shape is (batch_size, timesteps, features):

x = Input((15,1))  # 15 features for the 1st input
y = Input((15,1))  # 15 features for the 2nd input
xy = concatenate([x, y])

dropout_layer = Dropout(rate=0.5, noise_shape=[None, 1, 2])(xy)
...

To test that you are getting the correct behavior, you can inspect the intermediate xy layer and dropout_layer using the following code (reference link):

### Define your model ###

from keras.layers import Input, concatenate, Dropout
from keras.models import Model
from keras import backend as K

# Learning phase must be set to 1 for dropout to work
K.set_learning_phase(1)

x = Input((15,1))  # 15 features for the 1st input
y = Input((15,1))  # 15 features for the 2nd input
xy = concatenate([x, y])

dropout_layer = Dropout(rate=0.5, noise_shape=[None, 1, 2])(xy)

model = Model(inputs=[x,y], output=dropout_layer)

# specify inputs and output of the model

x_inp = model.input[0]                                           
y_inp = model.input[1]
outp = [layer.output for layer in model.layers[2:]]        
functor = K.function([x_inp, y_inp], outp)

### Get some random inputs ###

import numpy as np

input_1 = np.random.random((1,15,1))
input_2 = np.random.random((1,15,1))

layer_outs = functor([input_1,input_2])
print('Intermediate xy layer:\n\n',layer_outs[0])
print('Dropout layer:\n\n', layer_outs[1])

You should see that the entire x or y are dropped randomly (50% chance) per your requirement:

Intermediate xy layer:

 [[[0.32093528 0.70682645]
  [0.46162075 0.74063486]
  [0.522718   0.22318116]
  [0.7897043  0.7849486 ]
  [0.49387926 0.13929296]
  [0.5754296  0.6273373 ]
  [0.17157765 0.92996144]
  [0.36210892 0.02305864]
  [0.52637625 0.88259524]
  [0.3184462  0.00197006]
  [0.67196816 0.40147918]
  [0.24782693 0.5766827 ]
  [0.25653633 0.00514544]
  [0.8130438  0.2764429 ]
  [0.25275478 0.44348967]]]

Dropout layer:

 [[[0.         1.4136529 ]
  [0.         1.4812697 ]
  [0.         0.44636232]
  [0.         1.5698972 ]
  [0.         0.2785859 ]
  [0.         1.2546746 ]
  [0.         1.8599229 ]
  [0.         0.04611728]
  [0.         1.7651905 ]
  [0.         0.00394012]
  [0.         0.80295837]
  [0.         1.1533654 ]
  [0.         0.01029088]
  [0.         0.5528858 ]
  [0.         0.88697934]]]

If you are wondering why all the elements are multiplied by 2, take a look at how tensorflow implemented dropout here.

Hope this helps.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/57881527/dropout-entire-input-layer

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python

keras

neural-network