How to update std::map after using the find method?

问题

How to update the value of a key in std::map after using the find method?

I have a map and iterator declaration like this:

map <char, int> m1;
map <char, int>::iterator m1_it;
typedef pair <char, int> count_pair;

I'm using the map to store the number of occurrences of a character.

I'm using Visual C++ 2010.

回答1:

std::map::find returns an iterator to the found element (or to the end() if the element was not found). So long as the map is not const, you can modify the element pointed to by the iterator:

std::map<char, int> m;
m.insert(std::make_pair('c', 0));  // c is for cookie

std::map<char, int>::iterator it = m.find('c'); 
if (it != m.end())
    it->second = 42;

回答2:

I would use the operator[].

map <char, int> m1;

m1['G'] ++;  // If the element 'G' does not exist then it is created and 
             // initialized to zero. A reference to the internal value
             // is returned. so that the ++ operator can be applied.

// If 'G' did not exist it now exist and is 1.
// If 'G' had a value of 'n' it now has a value of 'n+1'

So using this technique it becomes really easy to read all the character from a stream and count them:

map <char, int>                m1;
std::ifstream                  file("Plop");
std::istreambuf_iterator<char> end;

for(std::istreambuf_iterator<char> loop(file); loop != end; ++loop)
{
    ++m1[*loop]; // prefer prefix increment out of habbit
}

回答3:

You can use std::map::at member function, it returns a reference to the mapped value of the element identified with key k.

std::map<char,int> mymap = {
                               { 'a', 0 },
                               { 'b', 0 },
                           };

  mymap.at('a') = 10;
  mymap.at('b') = 20;

回答4:

You can also do like this-

 std::map<char, int>::iterator it = m.find('c'); 
 if (it != m.end())
 (*it).second = 42;

回答5:

If you already know the key, you can directly update the value at that key using m[key] = new_value

Here is a sample code that might help:

map<int, int> m;

for(int i=0; i<5; i++)
    m[i] = i;

for(auto it=m.begin(); it!=m.end(); it++)
    cout<<it->second<<" ";
//Output: 0 1 2 3 4

m[4] = 7;  //updating value at key 4 here

cout<<"\n"; //Change line

for(auto it=m.begin(); it!=m.end(); it++)
    cout<<it->second<<" ";
// Output: 0 1 2 3 7

回答6:

You can update the value like following

   auto itr = m.find('ch'); 
     if (itr != m.end()){
           (*itr).second = 98;
     }

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4527686/how-to-update-stdmap-after-using-the-find-method

标签

c++

map

stl

stdmap