G++ compiler: Segfault handling

问题

I'm working on a project where I call a function which triggers a segfault. I fixed this, but during the process I noticed the following.

When my code is of the format;

main(){
  ...
  std::cout << "Looking for segfault\n"; // this does not print
  buggyFunction(); // crashes in here
  ...
}

buggyFunction(){
  ...
  thing_that_causes_segfault;
  ...
}

The line "Looking for segfault" doesn't print to STD, and the program crashes in buggyFunction. Fine, but when I add a cout line inside buggyFunction();

main(){
  ...
  std::cout << "Looking for segfault\n"; // this now *does* print
  buggyFunction(); 
  ...
}

buggyFunction(){
  ...
  std::cout << "Now we're INSIDE buggy function\n"; // this prints too
  thing_that_causes_segfault;
  ...
}

Inside buggy function, both lines print (and then it crashes).

Why do we see this difference in ouput, depending on the addition of this extra output call? Is it related to the handling of streams, or something else? I'm using g++ (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5) 4.4.3.

回答1:

The reason for this is that cout has a buffer and it will only pass to the system function and write to the console when the buffer is full. Your second use of cout happens to overflow the buffer and so it calls the operating system and empties the buffer. If you want to guarantee that the output has left the buffer, you must use std::flush. You can both end a line and flush the buffer with std::endl.

回答2:

Because your line might not immediately printed out because it's cached and the cache is not "flushed". std::endl is an newline + a flush thus forces immediate printout:

std::cout << "Looking for segfault" << std::endl;

回答3:

It has to do with buffering. Things that you write to cout are appended to an internal buffer that only gets flushed periodically. You can explicitly flush the buffer by writing std::flush to your stream, or replacing the "\n" with << std::endl.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6843722/g-compiler-segfault-handling