How to determine the colours when using matplotlib.pyplot.imshow()?

问题

I'm using imshow() to draw a 2D numpy array, so for example:

my_array = [[ 2.  0.  5.  2.  5.]
            [ 3.  2.  0.  1.  4.]
            [ 5.  0.  5.  4.  4.]
            [ 0.  5.  2.  3.  4.]
            [ 0.  0.  3.  5.  2.]]

plt.imshow(my_array, interpolation='none', vmin=0, vmax=5)

which plots this image:

What I want to do however, is change the colours, so that for example 0 is RED, 1 is GREEN, 2 is ORANGE, you get what I mean. Is there a way to do this, and if so, how?

I've tried doing this by changing the entries in the colourmap, like so:

    cmap = plt.cm.jet
    cmaplist = [cmap(i) for i in range(cmap.N)]
    cmaplist[0] = (1,1,1,1.0)
    cmaplist[1] = (.1,.1,.1,1.0)
    cmaplist[2] = (.2,.2,.2,1.0)
    cmaplist[3] = (.3,.3,.3,1.0)
    cmaplist[4] = (.4,.4,.4,1.0)
    cmap = cmap.from_list('Custom cmap', cmaplist, cmap.N)

but it did not work as I expected, because 0 = the first entry in the colour map, but 1 for example != the second entry in the colour map, and so only 0 is drawn diffrently:

回答1:

I think the easiest way is to use a ListedColormap, and optionally with a BoundaryNorm to define the bins. Given your array above:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl

colors = ['red', 'green', 'orange', 'blue', 'yellow', 'purple']
bounds = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6]

cmap = mpl.colors.ListedColormap(colors)
norm = mpl.colors.BoundaryNorm(bounds, cmap.N)

plt.imshow(my_array, interpolation='none', cmap=cmap, norm=norm)

Because your data values map 1-on-1 with the boundaries of the colors, the normalizer is redundant. But i have included it to show how it can be used. For example when you want the values 0,1,2 to be red, 3,4,5 green etc, you would define the boundaries as [0,3,6...].

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32766062/how-to-determine-the-colours-when-using-matplotlib-pyplot-imshow

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python

matplotlib

colors

draw