Python - Evaluate math expression within string [duplicate]

问题

I have a question concerning evaluation of math expression within a string. For example my string is following:

my_str='I have 6 * (2 + 3) apples'

I am wondering how to evaluate this string and get the following result:

'I have 30 apples'

Is the any way to do this?

Thanks in advance.

P.S. python's eval function does not help in this case. It raised an error, when trying to evaluate with the eval function.

回答1:

Here's my attempt:

>>> import string
>>> s = 'I have 6 * (2+3) apples'
>>> symbols = '^*()/+-'
>>> formula = [(x,s.index(x)) for x in s if x in string.digits+symbols]
>>> result = eval(''.join(x[0] for x in formula), {'__builtins__':None})
>>> s = s[:formula[0][1]] + str(result) + s[formula[-1][1]+1:]
>>> s
'I have 30 apples'

Notes:

This is very simple, it won't deal with complex equations - like those with square root, pi, etc. but I believe its in the spirit of what the question is after. For a really robust answer see the question posted by jeffery_the_wind; but I believe it may be overkill for this simplistic case.

回答2:

Sometimes it's better to simplify the question rather than coming up with complicated solutions. You may want to simplify the problem by having your code be provided like this

my_str='I have {6 * (2 + 3)} apples'

This way you can parse it using a simple regex and eval what's inside. Otherwise you're in for a lot of complexity.

回答3:

This is a very tricky problem which is probably nearly impossible to solve in general. However, here's a simple way to attack the problem which works with the example input.

*step 1 -- sanitize the input. This is the hardest part to do in general. Basically, you need a way to pull a single math expression out of the string without mangling it. Here a simple regex will work:

sanitized = re.sub(r'[a-zA-Z]','',my_str).strip()

*step 2 -- evaluate using eval:

value = eval(sanitized, {'__builtins__':None})

*step 3 -- back substitute

new_string = my_str.replace(sanitized, str(value))

回答4:

Thanks to all for your help. Actually my provided example is very simple compared what I have in real task. I read these string from file and sometimes is can have view like this:

my_str='ENC M6_finger_VNCAPa (AA SYZE BY (0.14*2)) < (0.12 + 0.07) OPPOSITE REGION'

Math equation are simple but can occurs many time in one string, and should be evaluated separately.

So I write a sample code, which is able to handle this cases: Maybe it is not such good, but solve the problem:

def eval_math_expressions(filelist):
        for line in filelist:
              if re.match('.*[\-|\+|\*|\/].*',line):
                        lindex=int(filelist.index(line))
                        line_list=line.split()
                        exp=[]
                        for word in line_list:
                                if re.match('^\(+\d+',word) or re.match('^[\)+|\d+|\-|\+|\*|\/]',word):
                                        exp.append(word)
                                else:
                                        ready=' '.join(exp)
                                        if ready:
                                                eval_ready=str(eval(ready))
                                                line_new=line.replace(ready,eval_ready)
                                                line=line_new
                                                filelist[lindex]=line
                                        exp=[]
        return filelist

回答5:

For a solution without using eval, here's what I would do. Start by finding all of the mathematical expressions in the string, which I will define as a string that contains spaces, parenthesis, numbers, and operations, then strip out the matches that are all whitespace:

>>> import re
>>> my_str = 'I have 6 * (2 + 3) apples'
>>> exprs = list(re.finditer(r"[\d\.\s\*\+\-\/\(\)]+", my_str))
>>> exprs = [e for e in exprs if len(my_str[e.start():e.end()].strip()) > 0]

Next, evaluate the expressions using the NumericStringParser class from this question, which uses pyparsing:

>>> nsp = NumericStringParser()
>>> results = [nsp.eval(my_str[e.start():e.end()]) for e in exprs]
>>> results
[30.0]

Then, to substitute the results back into the expression, reverse sort the expressions by their starting index and place them back into the original string:

>>> new_str = my_str
>>> for expr, res in sorted(zip(exprs, results), key=lambda t: t[0].start(), reverse=True):
...     new_str = new_str[:expr.start()] + (" %d " % res) + new_str[expr.end():]
... 
>>> new_str
'I have 30 apples'

回答6:

My option:

>>> import re
>>> def calc(s):
...     val = s.group()
...     if not val.strip(): return val
...     return " %s " % eval(val.strip(), {'__builtins__': None})
>>> re.sub(r"([0-9\ \.\+\*\-\/(\)]+)", calc, "I have 6 * (2 + 3 ) apples")
'I have 30 apples'

回答7:

Use f-strings or slicing.

F-string: f'I have {str(6*(2+3))} apples'

回答8:

[I know this is an old question, but it is worth pointing out new useful solutions as they pop up]

Since python3.6, this capability is now built into the language, coined "f-strings".

See: PEP 498 -- Literal String Interpolation

For example (note the f prefix):

f'I have {6 * (2 + 3)} apples'
=> 'I have 30 apples'
color = 'green'
f'I have {6 * (2 + 3)} {color} apples'
=> 'I have 30 green apples'

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12163224/python-evaluate-math-expression-within-string

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python

string

math

expression

eval