PSQL Command Line Arguments in DO script

问题

I've got a script NewSchemaSafe.sql that creates a new schema based on the project directory; it's called from the Windows command line as follows:

for %%a in (.) do set this=%%~na
-- other stuff here
psql -U postgres -d SLSM -e -v v1=%this% -f "NewSchemaSafe.sql"

NewSchemaSafe.sql is as follows:

-- NewSchemaSafe.sql
-- NEW SCHEMA SETUP 
--    - checks if schema exists
--    - if yes, renames existing with current monthyear as suffix
-- NOTE: will always delete any schema with the 'rename' name (save_schema)
--       since any schema thus named must have resulted from this script 
--       on this date - so, y'know, no loss.
SET search_path TO :v1, public; -- kludge coz can't pass :v1 to DO
DO
$$
DECLARE
       this_schema TEXT:= current_schema()::TEXT;
       this_date TEXT:= replace(current_date::TEXT,'-','');
       save_schema TEXT:= this_schema||this_date;
BEGIN
    IF this_schema <> 'public'
    THEN
        RAISE NOTICE 'Working in schema %', this_schema;
        IF EXISTS(
            SELECT schema_name
              FROM information_schema.schemata
              WHERE schema_name = save_schema)
        THEN
           EXECUTE 'DROP SCHEMA '||save_schema||' CASCADE;';
        END IF;
        IF NOT EXISTS(
            SELECT schema_name
              FROM information_schema.schemata
              WHERE schema_name = this_schema
          )
        THEN
          EXECUTE 'CREATE SCHEMA '||this_schema||';';
        ELSE
          EXECUTE 'ALTER SCHEMA '||this_schema|| ' RENAME TO '|| save_schema ||';';
          EXECUTE 'COMMENT ON SCHEMA '|| save_schema ||' IS ''schema renamed by SLSM creation on '|| this_date ||'''';
          EXECUTE 'CREATE SCHEMA '||this_schema||';';
        END IF;
    ELSE
        RAISE NOTICE 'SCHEMA IS % SO PARAMETER WAS NOT PASSED OR DID NOT STICK', this_schema;
    END IF;
END
$$;

Now I know that the SET happens, because I can see it on the command-line output. However the rest of the script dies (gracefully, as intended) because it seems to think that current_schema is public: the script yields

psql: NewSchemaSafe.sql:39: NOTICE:  SCHEMA IS public SO PARAMETER WAS NOT PASSED OR DID NOT STICK

I had initially tried to pass :v1 to the DECLARE block of the DO loop as follows:

 DECLARE
       this_schema text := :v1 ;
       this_date text := replace(current_date::text,'-','');
       save_schema text := this_schema||this_date;
  [snip]

But that just dies on the vine: it throws a syntax error -

psql:NewSchemaSafe.sql:40: ERROR:  syntax error at or near ":"
LINE 4:        this_schema text := :v1 ;

It does not make a difference if the %this% is enclosed in quotes or not in the batch file.

So as usual, two questions:

How come the set search path statement doesn't 'stick', when I can see it executing? UPDATE: not relevant, pls ignore.
How can I pass the :v1 parameter to the DO script itself?

Environment: PostgreSQL 9.3.5 64-bit (Win);

Weirdnesses: I am certain that this script worked two days ago, and the only change was to remove the byte-order-mark inserted by geany (UTF BOMs make psql gag).

UPDATE: the reason it worked the other day was that it was being run in a situation where the schema under consideration did exist. Changing search_path (to try and finagle the desired schema from current_schema) won't help if the schema name being passed as :v1 doesn't exist - that makes it more important that :v1 gets passed to the DO so it can be used more directly.

回答1:

Create a temporary function instead of using a DO statement. That's the solution if you need to pass parameters.

CREATE FUNCTION pg_temp.f_create_schema(_schema text)  -- note function schema "pg_temp"
  RETURNS void AS 
$func$
DECLARE
   _date        text := to_char(current_date, 'YYYYMMDD');
   _save_schema text := _schema || _date;  -- unescaped identifier
BEGIN
   IF EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM information_schema.schemata
              WHERE  schema_name = _save_schema) THEN  -- unescaped identifier
      EXECUTE format('DROP SCHEMA %I CASCADE', _save_schema);  -- escaped identifier!
   END IF;

   IF EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM information_schema.schemata
              WHERE  schema_name = _schema) THEN
      EXECUTE format(
        'ALTER SCHEMA %1$I RENAME TO %2$I;
         COMMENT ON SCHEMA %2$I IS $c$Schema renamed by SLSM creation on %3$s.$c$'
       , _schema, _save_schema, _date);
   END IF;

   EXECUTE 'CREATE SCHEMA ' || quote_ident(_schema);
END
$func$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

Call:

SELECT pg_temp.f_create_schema('Foo');  -- function name must be schema-qualified

From psql with SQL interpolation using a variable v1:

SELECT pg_temp.f_create_schema(:'v1');

The schema name you pass for _schema is case sensitive and unquoted.

pg_temp is a pseudo name that translates to the temporary schema of the current session internally automatically. All objects in the temporary schema die at the end of the session.

"Temporary" functions are not documented explicitly in the manual, but safe to use.

Is there such thing as a "temp function"?

It makes sense if you need to the function once (or a few times) in the same session for varying databases. For repeated use in the same database, create a plain function instead.

Of course you need the TEMPORARY privilege for the database - which users have by default.

While being at it, I improved a couple of things:

Escape identifiers to defend against SQL injection and ordinary syntax errors. Use quote_ident() or format() for anything more complex.
You don't need to concatenate a semicolon to the end of a single SQL command.
You can EXECUTE multiple SQL statements at once. (Now you need a semicolon between statements.)
Use nested dollar quotes to avoid quoting hell.

There are all kinds of workarounds, too:

Use variable set by psql meta-command inside of DO block
CREATE SEQUENCE using expressions with psql variables for parameters

BTW, customized options ("session variables") require a two-part name (of the form extension.variable) for historic reasons. It proved to be useful in avoiding naming conflicts as much as possible.

回答2:

Because the PL blocks is actually text constants in the code the internal variables is not substituted inside them in the usual way. Fortunately it is possible to use a session variables for sharing data between different SQL/PL blocks:

set foo.bar to :v1; -- Name should contains the dot, don't ask me why 
show foo.bar; -- Check that the value was assigned 
do $$
declare
  myvar text := current_setting('foo.bar');
begin
  raise info '%', myvar; -- Output variable value
end $$;

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38174506/psql-command-line-arguments-in-do-script

标签

postgresql

command-line

parameter-passing

plpgsql

psql