Issue with declaration of Map

问题

Java provides me by <? extends class> a way of filtering the java classes that you can use to build in this case the new HashMap, for example:

I can do that:

Map<String,? extends Serializable> map1 = new HashMap<String,String>();

It is correct, because String implements Serializable, so the compiler let me do that.

But when i try to do it:

Map<String,GenericClass<? extends Serializable>> map2 = new HashMap<String, GenericClass<String>>();

Being the GenericClass as it:

public class GenericClass<T>
{
.
.
.
}

The compiler throw an error saying:

Type mismatch: cannot convert from HashMap<String,GenericClass<String>> to Map<String,GenericClass<? extends Serializable>>

I would like to know, what is happen?

Maybe the compiler cannot detect the extends class being part of a generic type.

回答1:

You would need to use the following:

Map<String, ? extends GenericClass<? extends Serializable>> map2 =
        new HashMap<String, GenericClass<String>>();

Nested wildcards are much different from top-level wildcards - only the latter perform wildcard capture. As a result, HashMap<String, GenericClass<String>> is considered inconvertible to Map<String, GenericClass<? extends Serializable>>, because GenericClass<? extends Serializable> is a concrete type argument (and because generics aren't covariant).

See this post for further information on nested wildcards: Multiple wildcards on a generic methods makes Java compiler (and me!) very confused

回答2:

Map<String,? extends Serializable> map1 = new HashMap<String,String>();

map1 contains an unbounded V that only requires an unknown of Serializable's. Hence it cannot find a generified object to bound this to, except for null.

Map<String,GenericClass<? extends Serializable>> map2 = new HashMap<String, GenericClass<String>>();

The map2 is bounded by a type K (in this case String) and V (Class<? exends Serializable). That's how the Java compiler sees the bounds.

In essence, you cannot put anything in map1 except a null as you will only see map1.put(String key, null value) //Compiler is asking WTF here. Whereas, map2 will, essentially "render" as map2.put(String key, Class<? extends Serializable> value); //Much better....

Because of the bound V in map2, the signature must be the same in its declaration.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17723199/issue-with-declaration-of-mapstring-class-extends-serializable

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java