Is it possible to define equality for named types/structs?

问题

After reading a related question about using slices in maps, I became curious about equality in Go.

I know it's possible to override the equals method of a Java Object. Is there a similar way to define how Go checks user defined types/structs for equality? If so, there would be a workaround for the issue referenced above. I thought using interface{} values might offer a solution but I received the error message panic: runtime error: hash of unhashable type []int.

回答1:

Go supports equality checking structs.

type Person struct {
    Name string
}

a := Person{"Bill DeRose"}
b := Person{"Bill DeRose"}

a == b // true

It won't work with pointer fields (in the way you want) because the pointer addresses are different.

type Person struct {
    Friend *Person
}

a := Person{Friend: &Person{}}
b := Person{Friend: &Person{}}

a == b // false

You can't modify the equality operator and there is no built-in way to add support for custom types to use == syntax. Instead you should compare the pointer values using reflect.DeepEqual.

import "reflect"

a := Person{Friend: &Person{}}
b := Person{Friend: &Person{}}

reflect.DeepEqual(a, b) // true

Keep in mind there are caveats.

In general DeepEqual is a recursive relaxation of Go's == operator. However, this idea is impossible to implement without some inconsistency. Specifically, it is possible for a value to be unequal to itself, either because it is of func type (uncomparable in general) or because it is a floating-point NaN value (not equal to itself in floating-point comparison), or because it is an array, struct, or interface containing such a value.

回答2:

No, this is not user-definable. Go has strict rules what counts as equal, and even what is comparable which itself is based on assignability. Take a look at the Comparison operators section of the spec.

回答3:

There's no standard in Go language itself, yet (go 1.13).

However, comparison utilities could provide their own way to support it.

Function cmp.Equal (from google/go-cmp/cmp) supports definition of custom type comparator via definition of a Equal method:

• If the values have an Equal method of the form "(T) Equal(T) bool" or "(T) Equal(I) bool" where T is assignable to I, then use the result of x.Equal(y)even if x or y is nil. Otherwise, no such method exists and evaluation proceeds to the next rule.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20309751/is-it-possible-to-define-equality-for-named-types-structs

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types

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equality