rsync exclude a directory but include a subdirectory

问题

I am trying to copy a project to my server with rsync. I have project specific install scripts in a subdirectory

project/specs/install/project1

What I am trying to do is exclude everything in the project/specs directory but the project specific install directory: project/specs/install/project1.

rsync -avz --delete --include=specs/install/project1 \
    --exclude=specs/* /srv/http/projects/project/ \
     user@server.com:~/projects/project

But like this the content of the specs directory gets excluded but the install/project1 directory does not get included.

I have tried everything but i just don't seem to get this to work

回答1:

Sometime it's just a detail.

Just change your include pattern adding a trailing / at the end of include pattern and it'll work:

rsync -avz --delete --include=specs/install/project1/ \
    --exclude=specs/* /srv/http/projects/project/ \
    user@server.com:~/projects/project

Or, in alternative, prepare a filter file like this:

$ cat << EOF >pattern.txt
> + specs/install/project1/
> - specs/*
> EOF

Then use the --filter option:

rsync -avz --delete --filter=". pattern.txt" \
    /srv/http/projects/project/ \
    user@server.com:~/projects/project

For further info go to the FILTER RULES section in the rsync(1) manual page.

回答2:

The other solution is not working here.

Reliable way

You have no choice but to manually descend for each level of your sub-directory. There is no risk to include unwanted files, as rsync doesn't include the files of included directories.

1) Create an include filter file, for instance "include_filter.txt":

+ /specs/
+ /specs/install/
+ /specs/install/project1/***
- /specs/**

2) Run it:

rsync -avz --delete --include-from=include_filter.txt \
    /srv/http/projects/project/ \
    user@server.com:~/projects/project

Don't forget the starting slash "/", otherwise you may match sub-directories named "**/specs/install/project1/".
By choosing an include type filter (--include-from=FILE), the starting plus "+" signs are actually optional, as this is the default action with no sign. (You can have the opposite "-" by default with --exclude-from=FILE.)
The double stars "**" means "any path"
The triple stars "***" means "any path, including this very directory"

Easy way

You can start your filters "*/", allowing rsync to descend all your sub-levels. This is convenient but:

All directories will be included, albeit empty. This can be fixed with the rysnc option -m, but then all empty dirs will be skipped.

1) Create an include filter file, for instance "include_filter.txt":

+ /**/
+ /specs/install/project1/***
- /specs/**

2) Run it:

rsync -avzm --delete --include-from=include_filter.txt \
    /srv/http/projects/project/ \
    user@server.com:~/projects/project

Note the added option -m.

回答3:

Order of --include and --exclude affects what is being included or excluded.
When there are particular subdirectories to be included need to place them first.
Similar post available here.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8270519/rsync-exclude-a-directory-but-include-a-subdirectory

标签

shell

include

rsync