How to implement associative array (not dictionary) in Python?

问题

I trying to print out a dictionary in Python:

Dictionary = {"Forename":"Paul","Surname":"Dinh"}
for Key,Value in Dictionary.iteritems():
  print Key,"=",Value

Although the item "Forename" is listed first, but dictionaries in Python seem to be sorted by values, so the result is like this:

Surname = Dinh
Forename = Paul

How to print out these with the same order in code or the order when items are appended in (not sorted by values nor by keys)?

回答1:

You can use a list of tuples (or list of lists). Like this:

Arr= [("Forename","Paul"),("Surname","Dinh")]
for Key,Value in Arr: 
    print Key,"=",Value

Forename = Paul
Surname = Dinh

you can make a dictionary out of this with:

Dictionary=dict(Arr)

And the correctly sorted keys like this:

keys = [k for k,v in Arr]

Then do this:

for k in keys: print k,Dictionary[k]

but I agree with the comments on your question: Would it not be easy to sort the keys in the required order when looping instead?

EDIT: (thank you Rik Poggi), OrderedDict does this for you:

od=collections.OrderedDict(Arr)
for k in od: print k,od[k]

回答2:

First of all dictionaries are not sorted at all nor by key, nor by value.

And basing on your description. You actualy need collections.OrderedDict module

from collections import OrderedDict

my_dict = OrderedDict([("Forename", "Paul"), ("Surname", "Dinh")])

for key, value in my_dict.iteritems():
    print '%s = %s' % (key, value)

Note that you need to instantiate OrderedDict from list of tuples not from another dict as dict instance will shuffle the order of items before OrderedDict will be instantiated.

回答3:

You can use collections.OrderedDict. It's available in python2.7 and python3.2+.

回答4:

This may meet your need better:

Dictionary = {"Forename":"Paul","Surname":"Dinh"}
KeyList = ["Forename", "Surname"]
for Key in KeyList:
    print Key,"=",Dictionary[Key]

回答5:

'but dictionaries in Python are sorted by values' maybe I'm mistaken here but what game you that ideea? Dictionaries are not sorted by anything.

You would have two solutions, either keep a list of keys additional to the dictionary, or use a different data structure like an array or arrays.

回答6:

I wonder if it is an ordered dict that you want:

>>> k = "one two three four five".strip().split()
>>> v = "a b c d e".strip().split()
>>> k
  ['one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five']
>>> v
  ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
>>> dx = dict(zip(k, v))
>>> dx
   {'four': 'd', 'three': 'c', 'five': 'e', 'two': 'b', 'one': 'a'}
>>> for itm in dx: 
        print(itm)

   four
   three
   five
   two
   one

>>> # instantiate this data structure from OrderedDict class in the Collections module
>>> from Collections import OrderedDict
>>> dx = OrderedDict(zip(k, v))
>>> for itm in dx:
        print(itm)

   one
   two
   three
   four
   five

A dictionary created using the OrderdDict preserves the original insertion order.

Put another way, such a dictionary iterates over the key/value pairs according to the order in which they were inserted.

So for instance, when you delete a key and then add the same key again, the iteration order is changes:

>>> del dx['two']
>>> for itm in dx:
        print(itm)

       one
       three
       four
       five

>>> dx['two'] = 'b'
>>> for itm in dx:
        print(itm)

       one
       three
       four
       five
       two

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9495950/how-to-implement-associative-array-not-dictionary-in-python

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python

sorting

dictionary

associative-array