问题
I'm in the situation where I've installed the JDK, but I can't run applets in browsers (I may not have installed the JRE).
However, when I install the JRE, it clobbers my JDK as the default runtime. This breaks pretty much everything (Eclipse, Ant) - as they require a server JVM.
There's no JAVA_HOME environment variable these days - it just seems to use some registry magic (setting the system path is of no use either). Previously, I've just uninstalled the JRE after I've used it to restore the JDK. This time I want to fix it properly.
This also manifests itself with the jre autoupdater - once upon a time, I had a working setup with the JDK and JRE, but it updated and bust everything.
回答1:
This is a bit of a pain on Windows. Here's what I do.
Install latest Sun JDK, e.g. 6u11, in path like c:\install\jdk\sun\6u11, then let the installer install public JRE in the default place (c:\program files\blah). This will setup your default JRE for the majority of things.
Install older JDKs as necessary, like 5u18 in c:\install\jdk\sun\5u18, but don't install the public JREs.
When in development, I have a little batch file that I use to setup a command prompt for each JDK version. Essentially just set JAVA_HOME=c:\jdk\sun\JDK_DESIRED and then set PATH=%JAVA_HOME%\bin;%PATH%. This will put the desired JDK first in the path and any secondary tools like Ant or Maven can use the JAVA_HOME variable.
The path is important because most public JRE installs put a linked executable at c:\WINDOWS\System32\java.exe, which usually overrides most other settings.
回答2:
I have patched the behaviour of my eclipse startup shortcut in the properties dialogue
from
"E:\Program Files\eclipse\eclipse.exe"
to
"E:\Program Files\eclipse\eclipse.exe" -vm "E:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_30\bin"
as described in the Eclipse documentation
It is a patch only, as it depends on the shortcut to fix things...
The alternative is to set the parameter permanently in the eclipse initialisation file.
回答3:
I just had that problem (Java 1.8 vs. Java 9 on Windows 7) and my findings are:
short version
default seems to be (because of Path entry)
c:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath\java -version
select the version you want (test, use tab completing in cmd, not sure what those numbers represent), I had 2 options, see longer version for details
c:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath_target_[tab]
remove junction/link and link to your version (the one ending with 181743567 in my case for Java 8)
rmdir javapath
mklink /D javapath javapath_target_181743567
longer version:
Reinstall Java 1.8 after Java 9 didn't work. The sequence of installations was jdk1.8.0_74, jdk-9.0.4 and attempt to make Java 8 default with jdk1.8.0_162...
After jdk1.8.0_162 installation I still have
java -version
java version "9.0.4"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 9.0.4+11)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 9.0.4+11, mixed mode)
What I see in path is
Path=...;C:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath;...
So I checked what is that and I found it is a junction (link)
c:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java>dir
Volume in drive C is OSDisk
Volume Serial Number is DA2F-C2CC
Directory of c:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java
2018-02-07 17:06 <DIR> .
2018-02-07 17:06 <DIR> ..
2018-02-08 17:08 <DIR> .oracle_jre_usage
2017-08-22 11:04 <DIR> installcache
2018-02-08 17:08 <DIR> installcache_x64
2018-02-07 17:06 <JUNCTION> javapath [C:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath_target_185258831]
2018-02-07 17:06 <DIR> javapath_target_181743567
2018-02-07 17:06 <DIR> javapath_target_185258831
Those hashes doesn't ring a bell, but when I checked
c:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath_target_181743567>.\java -version
java version "1.8.0_162"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_162-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.162-b12, mixed mode)
c:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath_target_185258831>.\java -version
java version "9.0.4"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 9.0.4+11)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 9.0.4+11, mixed mode)
so to make Java 8 default again I had to delete the link as described here
rmdir javapath
and recreate with Java I wanted
mklink /D javapath javapath_target_181743567
tested:
c:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java>java -version
java version "1.8.0_162"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_162-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.162-b12, mixed mode)
** update (Java 10) **
With Java 10 it is similar, only javapath is in c:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Oracle\Java\ which is strange as I installed 64-bit IMHO
.\java -version
java version "10.0.2" 2018-07-17
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment 18.3 (build 10.0.2+13)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM 18.3 (build 10.0.2+13, mixed mode)
回答4:
I simply install all the versions of JDK I need and the latest installed becomes default, so I just reinstall the one I want to be default if necessary.
回答5:
After many attempts, I found the junction approach more convenient. This is very similar on how this problem is solved in linux.
Basically it consists of having a link between c:\tools\java\default and the actual version of java you want to use as default in your system.
How to set it:
- Download junction and make sure to put it in your PATH environment variable
- Set your environment this way:
-
PATHpointing to ONLY to this jrec:\tools\java\default\bin-JAVA_HOMEpointing to `c:\tools\java\default - Store all your jre-s in one folder like (if you do that in your Program FIles folder you may encounter some
C:\tools\Java\JRE_1.6C:\tools\Java\JRE_1.7C:\tools\Java\JRE_1.8
- Open a command prompt and cd to
C:\tools\Java\ - Execute
junction default JRE_1.6
This will create a junction (which is more or less like a symbolic link in linux) between C:\tools\java\default and C:\tools\java\JRE_1.6
In this way you will always have your default java in c:\tools\java\default.
If you then need to change your default java to the 1.8 version you just need to execute
junction -d default
junction default JRE_1.8
Then you can have batch files to do that without command prompt like
set_jdk8.bat
set_jdk7.bat
As suggested from @СӏаџԁеМаятіи
EDIT: From windows vista, you can use mklink /J default JRE_1.8
回答6:
I have several JDK (1.4, 1.5, 1.6) installed in C:\Java with their JREs. Then I let Sun update the public JRE in C:\Program Files\Java.
Lately there is an improvement, installing in jre6. Previously, there was a different folder per new version (1.5.0_4, 1.5.0_5, etc.), which was taking lot of space
回答7:
an alterable way to run an .jar app is create an .bat cmd for it. for example, you have jre10 and jre8 installed on your pc,and jre10 is your default jre. but your jar is specified to work with jre8,following cmd will work:
"C:\Program Files\Java\jre1.8.0_181\bin\java.exe" -jar JabRef-4.3.1.jar
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/551668/how-do-i-set-the-default-java-installation-runtime-windows