Simple method to shuffle the elements of an array in BASH shell?

问题

I can do this in PHP but am trying to work within the BASH shell. I need to take an array and then randomly shuffle the contents and dump that to somefile.txt.

So given array Heresmyarray, of elements a;b;c;d;e;f; it would produce an output file, output.txt, which would contain elements f;c;b;a;e;d;

The elements need to retain the semicolon delimiter. I've seen a number of bash shell array operations but nothing that seems even close to this simple concept. Thanks for any help or suggestions!

回答1:

If you just want to put them into a file (use redirection > )

$ echo "a;b;c;d;e;f;" | sed -r 's/(.[^;]*;)/ \1 /g' | tr " " "\n" | shuf | tr -d "\n"
  d;a;e;f;b;c;

$ echo "a;b;c;d;e;f;" | sed -r 's/(.[^;]*;)/ \1 /g' | tr " " "\n" | shuf | tr -d "\n" > output.txt

If you want to put the items in array

$ array=( $(echo "a;b;c;d;e;f;" | sed -r 's/(.[^;]*;)/ \1 /g' | tr " " "\n" | shuf | tr -d " " ) )
$ echo ${array[0]}
e;
$ echo ${array[1]}
d;
$ echo ${array[2]}
a;

If your data has &#abcde;

$ echo "a;&#abcde;c;d;e;f;" | sed -r 's/(.[^;]*;)/ \1 /g' | tr " " "\n" | shuf | tr -d "\n"
d;c;f;&#abcde;e;a;
$ echo "a;&#abcde;c;d;e;f;" | sed -r 's/(.[^;]*;)/ \1 /g' | tr " " "\n" | shuf | tr -d "\n"
&#abcde;f;a;c;d;e;

回答2:

The accepted answer doesn't match the headline question too well, though the details in the question are a bit ambiguous. The question asks about how to shuffle elements of an array in BASH, and kurumi's answer shows a way to manipulate the contents of a string.

kurumi nonetheless makes good use of the 'shuf' command, while siegeX shows how to work with an array.

Putting the two together yields an actual "simple method to shuffle the elements of an array in BASH shell":

$ myarray=( 'a;' 'b;' 'c;' 'd;' 'e;' 'f;' )
$ myarray=( $(shuf -e "${myarray[@]}") )
$ printf "%s" "${myarray[@]}"
d;b;e;a;c;f;

回答3:

From the BashFaq

This function shuffles the elements of an array in-place using the Knuth-Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.

#!/bin/bash

shuffle() {
   local i tmp size max rand

   # $RANDOM % (i+1) is biased because of the limited range of $RANDOM
   # Compensate by using a range which is a multiple of the array size.
   size=${#array[*]}
   max=$(( 32768 / size * size ))

   for ((i=size-1; i>0; i--)); do
      while (( (rand=$RANDOM) >= max )); do :; done
      rand=$(( rand % (i+1) ))
      tmp=${array[i]} array[i]=${array[rand]} array[rand]=$tmp
   done
}

# Define the array named 'array'
array=( 'a;' 'b;' 'c;' 'd;' 'e;' 'f;' )

shuffle
printf "%s" "${array[@]}"

Output

$ ./shuff_ar > somefile.txt
$ cat somefile.txt
b;c;e;f;d;a;

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5533569/simple-method-to-shuffle-the-elements-of-an-array-in-bash-shell

标签

bash

shell

shuffle