Getting element by a custom attribute using JavaScript

问题

I have an XHTML page where each HTML element has a unique custom attribute, like this:

<div class="logo" tokenid="14"></div>

I need a way to find this element by ID, similar to document.getElementById(), but instead of using a general ID, I want to search for the element using my custom "tokenid" attribute. Something like this:

document.getElementByTokenId('14');

Is that possible? If yes - any hint would be greatly appreciated.

Thanks.

回答1:

It is not good to use custom attributes in the HTML. If any, you should use HTML5's data attributes.

Nevertheless you can write your own function that traverses the tree, but that will be quite slow compared to getElementById because you cannot make use of any index:

function getElementByAttribute(attr, value, root) {
    root = root || document.body;
    if(root.hasAttribute(attr) && root.getAttribute(attr) == value) {
        return root;
    }
    var children = root.children, 
        element;
    for(var i = children.length; i--; ) {
        element = getElementByAttribute(attr, value, children[i]);
        if(element) {
            return element;
        }
    }
    return null;
}

In the worst case, this will traverse the whole tree. Think about how to change your concept so that you can make use browser functions as much as possible.

In newer browsers you use of the querySelector method, where it would just be:

var element = document.querySelector('[tokenid="14"]');

This will be much faster too.

Update: Please note @Andy E's comment below. It might be that you run into problems with IE (as always ;)). If you do a lot of element retrieval of this kind, you really should consider using a JavaScript library such as jQuery, as the others mentioned. It hides all these browser differences.

回答2:

<div data-automation="something">
</div>

document.querySelector("div[data-automation]")

=> finds the div

document.querySelector("div[data-automation='something']")

=> finds the div with a value

回答3:

If you're using jQuery, you can use some of their selector magic to do something like this:

    $('div[tokenid=14]')

as your selector.

回答4:

If you're willing to use JQuery, then:

var myElement = $('div[tokenid="14"]').get();

回答5:

You can accomplish this with JQuery:

$('[tokenid=14]')

Here's a fiddle for an example.

回答6:

Use this more stable Function:

function getElementsByAttribute(attr, value) {
  var match = [];
  /* Get the droids we are looking for*/
  var elements = document.getElementsByTagName("*");
  /* Loop through all elements */
  for (var ii = 0, ln = elements.length; ii < ln; ii++) {
    if (elements[ii].nodeType === 1){      
      if (elements[ii].name != null){        
      /* If a value was passed, make sure it matches the elements */
        if (value) {
          if (elements[ii].getAttribute(attr) === value) 
           match.push(elements[ii]);           
      } else {
        /* Else, simply push it */
         match.push(elements[ii]);          
      }
     }
   }
  }
return match;
};

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6267816/getting-element-by-a-custom-attribute-using-javascript

标签

javascript

getelementbyid