Testing asynchronous function with mocha

问题

I want to test a asynchronous javascript function that runs in node.js and makes a simple request to a http api:

const HOST = 'localhost';
const PORT = 80;

http = require('http');

var options = {
    host: HOST,
    port: PORT,
    path: '/api/getUser/?userCookieId=26cf7a34c0b91335fbb701f35d118c4c32566bce',
    method: 'GET'
};
doRequest(options, myCallback);

function doRequest(options, callback) {

    var protocol = options.port == 443 ? https : http;
    var req = protocol.request(options, function(res) {

        var output = '';
        res.setEncoding('utf8');

        res.on('data', function(chunk) {
            console.log(chunk);
            output += chunk;
        });

        res.on('error', function(err) {
            throw err;
        });

        res.on('end', function() {
            var dataRes = JSON.parse(output);
            if(res.statusCode != 200) {
                throw new Error('error: ' + res.statusCode);
            } else {
                try {
                    callback(dataRes);                        
                } catch(err) {
                    throw err;
                }
            }
        });

    });

    req.on('error', function(err) {
        throw err;
    });

    req.end();

}

function myCallback(dataRes) {
    console.log(dataRes);
}

Executed this code works and the response will be displayed as expected.

If I execute this in a mocha test the request is not executed:

describe('api', function() {
    it('should load a user', function() {
        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
            doRequest(options, myCallback, function(err) {
                if (err) throw err;
                done();
            });
        });
        assert.equal(res, '{Object ... }');
    });
});

The Problem is, that no code after:

var req = protocol.request(options, function(res) {

is executed not even a simple console.log.

Can anybody help?

回答1:

You have to specify the callback done as the argument to the function which is provided to mocha - in this case the it() function. Like so:

describe('api', function() {
    it('should load a user', function(done) { // added "done" as parameter
        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
            doRequest(options, function(res) {
                assert.equal(res, '{Object ... }'); // will not fail assert.doesNotThrow
                done(); // call "done()" the parameter
            }, function(err) {
                if (err) throw err; // will fail the assert.doesNotThrow
                done(); // call "done()" the parameter
            });
        });
    });
});

Also, the signature of doRequest(options, callback) specifies two arguments though when you call it in the test you provide three.

Mocha probably couldn't find the method doRequest(arg1,arg2,arg3).

Did it not provide some error output? Maybe you can change the mocha options to get more information.

EDIT :

andho is right, the second assert would be called in parallel to assert.doesNotThrow while it should only be called in the success callback.

I have fixed the example code.

EDIT 2:

Or, to simplify the error handling (see Dan M.'s comment):

describe('api', function() {
    it('should load a user', function(done) { // added "done" as parameter
        assert.doesNotThrow(function() {
            doRequest(options, function(res) {
                assert.equal(res, '{Object ... }'); // will not fail assert.doesNotThrow
                done(); // call "done()" the parameter
            }, done);
        });
    });
});

回答2:

If you have an asynchronous function that does not support callbacks, or if you think using unnecessary callbacks is... unnecessary, then you can also just turn the test into an async test.

instead of:

it('should be able to do something', function () {});

simply do:

it('should be able to do something', async function () {});
                                     ^^^^^

Now you can await async functions:

it('should be able to do something', async function () {
  this.timeout(40000);

  var result = await someComplexFunction();

  assert.isBelow(result, 3);
});

回答3:

I've done a very similar test in my project for an http client. I paste the code here and hope is useful. Here is the client (my nodejs server use express and I use promise for error handling):

var http = require('http');
var querystring = require('querystring');

module.exports = {
  get: function(action, params, res, callback) {
    doPromiseRequest(action, querystring.stringify(params), callback, 'GET', 'application/json')
      .then((response) => callback(response))
      .catch((error) => {
        res.status(500);
        res.render('error', {layout: false, message: error.message, code: 500});
      });
  },
}

function doPromiseRequest(action, params, callback, method, contentType) {
    var options = {
      hostname: 'localhost',
      port: 3000,
      path: '/api/v1/' + action.toString(),
      method: method,
      headers: {
        'Content-Type': contentType,
        'Content-Length': Buffer.byteLength(params)
      }
    };

    return new Promise( (resolve, reject) => {

      var req = http.request(options, 
        function(response) {
          response.setEncoding('utf8');

          var data = '';
          response.on('data', function(chunk) {
            data += chunk;
          });

          response.on('end', function() {
            var parsedResponse;

            try {
              parsedResponse = JSON.parse(data);
            } catch(err) {
              reject({message: `Invalid response from hurricane for ${action}`});
              return;
            }

            if (parsedResponse.error)
              reject(parsedResponse.error);
            else
              resolve(parsedResponse);
          });

          response.on('error', function(err){
            console.log(err.message);
            reject(err);
          });
        });

      req.on('error', function(err) {
        console.log(err);
        reject({message: err.message});
      });

      req.write(params);
      req.end(); 
    });    
}

And here is the test:

var http = require('http');
var expect = require('chai').expect;
var sinon = require('sinon');
var PassThrough = require('stream').PassThrough;

describe('Hurricane Client tests', function() {
  before(function() {
    this.request = sinon.stub(http, 'request');
  });

  after(function() {
    http.request.restore();
  });

  it('should convert get result to object', function(done) {
    var expected = { hello: 'world' };
    var response = new PassThrough();
    response.statusCode = 200;
    response.headers = {}
    response.write(JSON.stringify(expected));
    response.end();

    var request = new PassThrough();

    this.request.callsArgWith(1, response).returns(request);

    client.get('any', {}, null, function(result) {
      expect(result).to.eql(expected);
      done();
    });
  });
});

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12159846/testing-asynchronous-function-with-mocha