Can't install PIL after Mac OS X 10.9

问题

I've just updated my Mac OS to 10.9 and I discovered that some (all?) of my Python modules are not here anymore, especially the Image one.

So I try to execute sudo pip install pil, but I get this error:

/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/usr/include/tk.h:78:11: fatal error: 'X11/Xlib.h' file not found

#      include <X11/Xlib.h>

               ^

1 error generated.

error: command 'cc' failed with exit status 1

My Xcode is up-to-date and I don't have any idea. Is it possible that PIL is not yet 10.9 compatible ?

回答1:

Following worked for me:

ln -s  /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Headers/X11 /usr/local/include/X11
sudo pip install pil

UPDATE:

But there is more correct solution below, provided by Will.

open your terminal and execute: xcode-select --install

回答2:

open your terminal and execute:

xcode-select --install

回答3:

sudo ln -s /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.8.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Headers/X11/ /usr/local/include/X11

helps for me! os x 10.9

pip install pillow

but! after pip install ...

*** ZLIB (PNG/ZIP) support not available

and finally i fix it by running:

xcode-select --install

then reinstall pillow

pip install pillow

PIL SETUP SUMMARY
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    version      Pillow 2.2.1
    platform     darwin 2.7.5 (default, Aug 25 2013, 00:04:04)
                 [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 5.0 (clang-500.0.68)]
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    --- TKINTER support available
    --- JPEG support available
    --- ZLIB (PNG/ZIP) support available
    --- TIFF G3/G4 (experimental) support available
    --- FREETYPE2 support available
    --- LITTLECMS support available
    --- WEBP support available
    --- WEBPMUX support available
    --------------------------------------------------------------------

回答4:

Works for me ( OS X Yosemite 10.10.2 - Python 2.7.9 ) :

xcode-select --install
sudo pip install pillow

Try this to check it:

from PIL import Image
image = Image.open("file.jpg")
image.show()

回答5:

Here is what I did, some steps may not be necessary just for PIL but I needed libpng and others anyways:

1) Run xcode install, use this command or download updates from the app store:

xcode-select --install

1b) Add the Command Line Tools optional tool, in Mountain Lion this was an option on the xcode Download page, but now you have to register with your apple id and download from: https://developer.apple.com/downloads/

Look for Command Line Tools (OS X Mavericks) for Xcode

2) Install everything needed for python (using brew), I believe you can use port as well:

brew install readline sqlite gdbm
brew install python --universal --framework 
brew install libpng jpeg freetype

Unlink/ relink if needed i.e. if upgrading.

3) Install Pip and required modules:

easy_install pip 
sudo pip install setuptools --no-use-wheel --upgrade

4) Finally this works with no errors:

sudo pip install Pillow

UPDATE 11/04/14: PIL repo no longer receives updates or support so Pillow should be used. The below is now deprecated so stick with Pillow.

sudo pip install pil --allow-external pil --allow-unverified pil

UPDATE (OLD) : The same thing applies when installing Pillow (PIL fork) and should be mentioned as its quickly becoming a replacement in most cases of PIL. Instead of installing pip in step 4, run this instead:

sudo pip install Pillow

Hope this helps someone!

回答6:

installing command line tools fixed the issue for me

you have to install them separately as they are not part of the packages in xcode now:

https://developer.apple.com/downloads/index.action?=command%20line%20tools#

回答7:

Non of those worked for me.. I kept receiving:

clang: error: unknown argument: '-mno-fused-madd' [-Wunused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future]
clang: note: this will be a hard error (cannot be downgraded to a warning) in the future
error: command 'cc' failed with exit status 1

So I found a work around with the following solution:

sudo export CFLAGS=-Qunused-arguments
sudo export CPPFLAGS=-Qunused-arguments
sudo pip install PIL --allow-external PIL --allow-unverified PIL

This way I was able to install.

回答8:

I had a similar problem: Installing pillow failed with clang: error: unknown argument: '-mno-fused-madd' [-Wunused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future], installing command line tools failed with Can't install the software because it is not currently available from the Software Update server., and even after installing the command line tools manually, the compilation of PIL failed.

This happens cause clang under the newest version of xcode doesn't warn on unknown compiler flags, but rather stop the compilation with a hard error.

To fix this, just run export ARCHFLAGS="-Wno-error=unused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future" on the terminal before trying to compile (installing pil).

回答9:

Simply run

pip install pil --allow-external pil --allow-unverified pil

回答10:

This my steps on mac os 10.9.1

1. sudo su
2. easy_install pip
3. xcode-select --install
4. pip install --no-index -f http://dist.plone.org/thirdparty/ -U PIL

回答11:

You could use Homebrew to do the install http://brew.sh

brew tap Homebrew/python
brew install pillow

回答12:

Make sure you have Command Line Tools installed on your xcode. Then execute:

sudo pip install pil --allow-external pil --allow-unverified pil

回答13:

I was having the following error

building 'PIL._imagingft' extension
_imagingft.c:62:10: fatal error: 'freetype/fterrors.h' file not found

#include <freetype/fterrors.h>

         ^

1 error generated.

error: command 'cc' failed with exit status 1

The solution to this was to symlink freetype2 to freetype and this solved the problem.

回答14:

I didn't want to install XCode (I don't use it) and I'm loath to fiddle with Application directory. I've cribbed from the many answers in this post and the following two steps work for me with 10.9.5:

sudo easy_install pip
sudo pip install pillow

It did appear to me strange that I had to use easy_install to install pip. But pip didn't want to work for me before that (re-)install.

回答15:

Found the solution ... You've to symlink X11 like this ln -s /opt/X11/include/X11 /usr/local/include/X11 and then sudo pip install pil should work.

回答16:

Reusing @DmitryDemidenko's answer that is how it worked for me:

ln -s  /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Headers/X11 /usr/local/include/X11

and then

sudo pip install -U PIL --allow-external PIL --allow-unverified PIL

回答17:

Execute the bellow command lines. Works like a charm on Mac OS 10.9.5

easy_install pip

sudo pip install setuptools --no-use-wheel --upgrade

sudo pip install Pillow

Best, Theo

回答18:

That's what I did:

First upgrade to Xcode 5 (I am running 10.9). Then, execute the following commands in a terminal:

$ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk
$ ln -s /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Headers/X11 usr/include/

回答19:

A more complete solution requires the installation of the Xquartz X11 subsystem that has been built outside of Apple for several years now. Here are the steps I used to get it all working

Install XQuartz from http://xquartz.macosforge.org/landing/
Run sudo pip install pillow

回答20:

Had the same issue after update to 10.9 and fixed the error "command 'cc' failed with exit status 1" with this:

sudo sed -i '' -e 's/-mno-fused-madd//g' /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/_sysconfigdata.py

sudo rm /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/_sysconfigdata.pyc

pip install pillow

回答21:

As the accepted answer is the right one with xcode-select --install but some people (including me) may encounter Can't install the software because it is not currently available from the Software Update server If you are using beta software (as I am using Yosemite now and had the same problem) you NEED to get the CLT separately since it is NOT included in XCode (even xcode beta) Head over to developers.apple.com and get CLT tools for your OS ;)

P.S. You don't need XQuartz for PIL or Pillow to work

回答22:

My machine which was recently upgraded from OS 10.8 -> 10.9 got stuck in a loop between xcrun and lipo.

Rename /usr/bin/lipo to /usr/bin/lipo_broken

Refer to this thread for further information on how to resolve:

xcrun/lipo freezes with OS X Mavericks and XCode 4.x

回答23:

Install Pillow instead:

sudo pip install pillow

回答24:

ln -s /usr/local/include/freetype2 /usr/local/include/freetype
sudo ARCHFLAGS=-Wno-error=unused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future pip install pil

回答25:

Try this:

ln -s /usr/local/include/freetype2 /usr/local/include/freetype

回答26:

sudo pip uninstall pillow
pip install pillow

worked for me. I'm running Python 2.7.9 on Yosemite.import PIL now works for me.

回答27:

Installing PIL (Imaging.1.1.7) on Mac OSC 10.10 Yosemite. I tried numerous fixes recommended here but ran into trouble with each one. I finally solved this problem by editing the setup.py file such that:

TCL_ROOT = "/opt/X11/include"

which passes the appropriate include path for X11 in the compilation of _imagingtk.c, which was causing the problem for me. Worked immediately after change.