C++ Variable expressions for defining array size?

问题

I'm a newb at C++ and I practice coding on my school computer, so I have to use an online compiler (www.CompileOnline.com). I have a variable that is defined by a function and is then used to initialize an array like so:

int var = function(a);

int num[var];

This code works just fine on the website, but on Visual Studio Express 2012 it gives me an error:

C2057: expected constant expression

Is this a problem with Visual Studio? I've read that it's a C++ rule, but then why does it work on the website? Any help is appreciated, thanks.

回答1:

The feature that the code snippet requires is called variable length arrays (VLAs). Support for this feature in the C or C++ language depends on the compiler and the version of the standard.

C99 supports VLAs as standard.
Versions earlier than C99 (includes C90) do not support VLAs as standard, but some compilers may implement it as a language extension.
C11 makes VLAs an optional feature.
C++14 supports a restricted variant of VLAs called dynamic arrays.
Versions earlier than C++14 (includes C++11, C++03, and C++98) do not support VLAs as standard, but some compilers may implement it as an extension.

In particular, GCC implements VLAs as a language extension for C90 and C++, and apparently www.compileonline.com uses GCC as the compiler (version 4.7.2 as of this writing). No version of the Visual C++ compiler implement VLAs.

Herb Sutter talks about C++14's dynamic array feature:

In the language, draft C++14 now allows stack-based arrays to have a size determined at run time:
void f(std::size_t n)
{
   int a[n];

   ...

}
Note that this is not the same as C99 variable length arrays (VLAs), and that the C11 standard has made VLAs conditionally-supported so that they are no longer part of portable C required in a conforming C compiler. In particular, C++ explicitly not does support the following features from C99 VLAs which C++ feels are not desirable:

multidimensional arrays, where other than the top level has a runtime bound (in analogy, the array form of new expressions doesn’t support that either)

modifications to the function declarator syntax

sizeof(a) being a runtime-evaluated expression returning the size of a

typedef int a[n]; evaluating n and passing that through the typedef

If you want C++ code that works in pretty much any version of C++, consider using std::vector instead:

#include <vector>

int main()
{
    int var = function(a); // Assume function() has been defined.
    std::vector<int> num(var); // Creates a vector with var number of elements.
    // ...
    int num1 = num[1]; // You can access elements in vectors just like arrays.
    num[1] += 10;
    // ...
}

回答2:

Variable length arrays are not allowed in C++. The size of the array must be determinable at compile time.

CompileOnline.com says it uses GNU GCC version 4.7.2. GCC has an extension that supports variable length arrays in C++:

Variable-length automatic arrays are allowed in ISO C99, and as an extension GCC accepts them in C90 mode and in C++.

回答3:

It seems the online compiler is gcc which implement variable length arrays as an extension in C++. The "problem" in this case is actually gcc, not VC++: gcc implement an extension which enables by default, tricking users into creating non-portable code.

If you need a variable sized array in C++, you'd include <vector> and use the class template declared in this header, e.g.:

int var = function(a);
std::vector<int> num(var);

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18907139/c-variable-expressions-for-defining-array-size

标签

c++

arrays

visual-studio-2012