Android - API 23 Unable to get USB/SD Card Directory

问题

I used to get all the files in USB/SD Card from "/storage/external_storage" like so

File = new File("/storage/external_storage");
file.listFiles()

and show the files and folders in my own Fragment and it worked great until API 23. Where now I am unable to get the file list from the path.

I know in Android Marshmallow (23) there were permission changes and some USB Connection behavior changes.

If your app supports user interactions with the device over a USB port, take into consideration that the interaction must be explicitly enabled.

Does not explain how or when user can enable interactions explicitly.

My question is whether or not it is possible to Access USB files and Folders list. If there is how can we achieve this?

EDIT : I opened Android Device Monitor and I couldn't find external_storage in /storage/external_storage.

回答1:

It is true the doc is not very clear about that....but it seems you have to ask the system to mount the media device for you. Can you try to use Environment.getExternalStorageState() to see what it returns you?

Otherwise, you can also try to access the SD/External USB by using this class:

public class ExternalStorage {

public static final String SD_CARD = "sdCard";
public static final String EXTERNAL_SD_CARD = "externalSdCard";

/**
 * @return True if the external storage is available. False otherwise.
 */
public static boolean isAvailable() {
    String state = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
    if (Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(state) || Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY.equals(state)) {
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

public static String getSdCardPath() {
    return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath() + "/";
}

/**
 * @return True if the external storage is writable. False otherwise.
 */
public static boolean isWritable() {
    String state = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
    if (Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(state)) {
        return true;
    }
    return false;

}

/**
 * @return A map of all storage locations available
 */
public static Map<String, File> getAllStorageLocations() {
    Map<String, File> map = new HashMap<String, File>(10);

    List<String> mMounts = new ArrayList<String>(10);
    List<String> mVold = new ArrayList<String>(10);
    mMounts.add("/mnt/sdcard");
    mVold.add("/mnt/sdcard");

    try {
        File mountFile = new File("/proc/mounts");
        if(mountFile.exists()){
            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(mountFile);
            while (scanner.hasNext()) {
                String line = scanner.nextLine();
                if (line.startsWith("/dev/block/vold/")) {
                    String[] lineElements = line.split(" ");
                    String element = lineElements[1];

                    // don't add the default mount path
                    // it's already in the list.
                    if (!element.equals("/mnt/sdcard"))
                        mMounts.add(element);
                }
            }
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    try {
        File voldFile = new File("/system/etc/vold.fstab");
        if(voldFile.exists()){
            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(voldFile);
            while (scanner.hasNext()) {
                String line = scanner.nextLine();
                if (line.startsWith("dev_mount")) {
                    String[] lineElements = line.split(" ");
                    String element = lineElements[2];

                    if (element.contains(":"))
                        element = element.substring(0, element.indexOf(":"));
                    if (!element.equals("/mnt/sdcard"))
                        mVold.add(element);
                }
            }
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }


    for (int i = 0; i < mMounts.size(); i++) {
        String mount = mMounts.get(i);
        if (!mVold.contains(mount))
            mMounts.remove(i--);
    }
    mVold.clear();

    List<String> mountHash = new ArrayList<String>(10);

    for(String mount : mMounts){
        File root = new File(mount);
        if (root.exists() && root.isDirectory() && root.canWrite()) {
            File[] list = root.listFiles();
            String hash = "[";
            if(list!=null){
                for(File f : list){
                    hash += f.getName().hashCode()+":"+f.length()+", ";
                }
            }
            hash += "]";
            if(!mountHash.contains(hash)){
                String key = SD_CARD + "_" + map.size();
                if (map.size() == 0) {
                    key = SD_CARD;
                } else if (map.size() == 1) {
                    key = EXTERNAL_SD_CARD;
                }
                mountHash.add(hash);
                map.put(key, root);
            }
        }
    }

    mMounts.clear();

    if(map.isEmpty()){
             map.put(SD_CARD, Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory());
    }
    return map;
}
}

The use is like this:

Map<String, File> externalLocations = ExternalStorage.getAllStorageLocations();
File sdCard = externalLocations.get(ExternalStorage.SD_CARD);
File externalSdCard = externalLocations.get(ExternalStorage.EXTERNAL_SD_CARD);

Source here: Find an external SD card location

回答2:

Have a look at getExternalFilesDirs(). If a micro SD card is inserted the second entry will point to the card. If you then attach a USB OTG drive the third entry will point to the drive.

With Intent.ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT_TREE you can let the user choose from all drives and then use Storage Access Framework.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41012320/android-api-23-unable-to-get-usb-sd-card-directory