Removing characters from a txt file using Python

问题

I'm writing a program in python that will request a user to input a file name, open the file, and count the number of M's and F's and tally it as a ratio. I can get it to do that, and remove whitespace, but I can't figure out how to remove characters that are not M or F. I want to remove all incorrect characters and write them in a new file. Here's what I have so far

fname = raw_input('Please enter the file name: ')  #Requests input from user
try:                                                #Makes sure the file input     is valid
   fhand = open(fname)
except:
   print 'Error. Invalid file name entered.'
   exit()
else:
  fhand = open(fname, 'r')            #opens the file for reading

  entireFile = fhand.read()           
  fhand.close()
  entireFile.split()           #Removes whitespace
  ''.join(entireFile)         #Rejoins the characters

  entireFile = entireFile.upper() #Converts all characters to capitals letters

  males = entireFile.count('M')
  print males
  females = entireFile.count('F')
  print females
  males = float(males)
  females = float(females)
  length = males + females
  print length
  length = float(length)
  totalMales = (males / length) * 1
  totalFemales = (females / length) * 1

  print "There are %", totalMales, " males and %", totalFemales, " in the file."

回答1:

Use a regular expression to extract all characters that are not M or F:

import re
remainder = re.sub(r'M|F', '', entireFile)
with open('new_file', 'wb') as f:
    f.write(remainder)

回答2:

the easiest way is to use regex:

import re
data = re.findall(r'[FM]', entirefile)

and if you use r'[FMfm]' you don't need to upper case all the file, the regex will catch all upper and lower case.

and this will return to you all the F's and M's , and no need to remove white spaces at all.

example:

entirefile = "MLKMADG FKFLJKASDM LKMASDLKMADF MASDLDF"
data = ['M', 'M', 'F', 'F', 'M', 'M', 'M', 'F', 'M', 'F']

and you can do whatever you want with this list.

hope this helps.

回答3:

m,f,other = [],[],[]
for ch in entierFile:
    if ch == "M":m.append(ch)
    elif ch == "F":f.append(ch)  
    else: other.append(ch)

print len(m) + " Males, "+len(f)+" Females"
print "Other:",other

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/22770959/removing-characters-from-a-txt-file-using-python

标签

python

string

character