Better way of incrementing build number?

问题

I have been using a shell script as part of my Xcode build process to increment the build number within the plist file, however it\'s making Xcode 4.2.1 crash frequently (with an error about the target not belonging to a project; I\'m guessing the changing of the plist file is confusing Xcode in some way).

The shell script did this so that the build number is only incremented by agvtool when a file is newer than the plist file (so just building didn\'t increment the value):

if [ -n \\\"`find ProjDir -newer ProjDir/Project-Info.plist`\\\" ]; then agvtool -noscm next-version -all; else echo \\\"Version not incremented\\\"; fi

Is there a way to increment the build number (in the plist file, or anywhere else) that doesn\'t break Xcode?

FINAL EDIT: I now do this kind of stuff using a python script which I have just made public on github. It\'s not well documented but shouldn\'t be difficult to work out. As a bonus this repo also contains a useful script to automatically bundle 3rd party library into an app bundle.

回答1:

If I understand your question correctly, you want to modify the Project-Info.plist file, which is a part of the standard project template of Xcode?

The reason I ask this is that Project-Info.plist normally is under version control, and modifying it means that it will be marked as, well, modified.

If that is fine with you, then the following snippet will update the build number and mark the file as modified in the process, where get_build_number is some script (i.e., a placeholder in this example) to get the (possibly incremented) build number that you want to use:

#!/bin/sh

# get_build_number is a placeholder for your script to get the latest build number
build_number = `get_build_number`

/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Set :CFBundleVersion ${build_number}" ProjDir/Project-Info.plist

PlistBuddy allows you to set any key in a plist file, not just the version number. You can create all the plist files you want, and include them in the resources if needed. They can then be read in from the bundle.

As to your need to show the version in the about pane and other places, you can also look into setting CFBundleGetInfoString and CFBundleShortVersionString.

回答2:

I've messed around with a lot of the answers on this question, and none of them quite satisfied me. However, I finally came up with a mixture that I really like!

There are two steps, one at the beginning and one at the end of your build phases.

At the beginning:

# Set the build number to the count of Git commits
buildNumber=$(git rev-list HEAD | wc -l | tr -d ' ')
/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Set :CFBundleVersion $buildNumber" "${PROJECT_DIR}/${INFOPLIST_FILE}"

At the end:

# Set the build number to "DEVELOPMENT"
/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Set :CFBundleVersion DEVELOPMENT" "${PROJECT_DIR}/${INFOPLIST_FILE}"

Looking at the Info.plist in Xcode you'll see the version number is "DEVELOPMENT", but the built app will have a constantly increasing build number. (As long as you always do your builds off the same branch.)

Setting the version number back to a constant string at the end prevents the Info.plist file from being changed by building the app.

Why I like this method:

• Easy
• Doesn't pollute Git version history
• CFBundleVersion is totally automatic
• The pretty version number can be modified whenever I want

回答3:

I have used this glist its awesome and works as expected. https://gist.github.com/sekati/3172554 (all credit goes to original author)

Sctipts that I modified over the time.

xcode-versionString-generator.sh,

xcode-build-number-generator.sh

As these gist are helping dev community. I thought to made github project out of it. So lets develop it good. Here is the github project: https://github.com/alokc83/Xcode-build-and-version-generator

I have updated the code for both script little bit of enhancement. instead of using below grab the latest from github

For Version :

# xcode-version-bump.sh
# @desc Auto-increment the version number (only) when a project is archived for export. 
# @usage
# 1. Select: your Target in Xcode
# 2. Select: Build Phases Tab
# 3. Select: Add Build Phase -> Add Run Script
# 4. Paste code below in to new "Run Script" section
# 5. Check the checkbox "Run script only when installing"
# 6. Drag the "Run Script" below "Link Binaries With Libraries"
# 7. Insure your starting version number is in SemVer format (e.g. 1.0.0)

# This splits a two-decimal version string, such as "0.45.123", allowing us to increment the third position.
VERSIONNUM=$(/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Print CFBundleShortVersionString" "${PROJECT_DIR}/${INFOPLIST_FILE}")
NEWSUBVERSION=`echo $VERSIONNUM | awk -F "." '{print $3}'`
NEWSUBVERSION=$(($NEWSUBVERSION + 1))
NEWVERSIONSTRING=`echo $VERSIONNUM | awk -F "." '{print $1 "." $2 ".'$NEWSUBVERSION'" }'`
/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Set :CFBundleShortVersionString $NEWVERSIONSTRING" "${PROJECT_DIR}/${INFOPLIST_FILE}"

For build:

# xcode-build-bump.sh
# @desc Auto-increment the build number every time the project is run. 
# @usage
# 1. Select: your Target in Xcode
# 2. Select: Build Phases Tab
# 3. Select: Add Build Phase -> Add Run Script
# 4. Paste code below in to new "Run Script" section
# 5. Drag the "Run Script" below "Link Binaries With Libraries"
# 6. Insure that your starting build number is set to a whole integer and not a float (e.g. 1, not 1.0)

buildNumber=$(/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Print CFBundleVersion" "${PROJECT_DIR}/${INFOPLIST_FILE}")
buildNumber=$(($buildNumber + 1))
/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Set :CFBundleVersion $buildNumber" "${PROJECT_DIR}/${INFOPLIST_FILE}"

回答4:

This whole entry was extremely helpful. I used this trick but set up my script as a post-commit hook in GIT, so CFBundleVersion is incremented after every successful commit. The hook script goes in .git/hooks. A log is left in the project directory.

This meets my most basic criterion. I want to be able to pull a version from GIT and rebuild the exact build I had previously. Any increment done during the build process does not do this.

Here is my script:

#!/bin/sh
#
# post-commit
#
# This script increments the CFBundleVersion for each successful commit
#

plist="./XYZZY/XYZZY-Info.plist"
buildnum=$(/usr/libexec/Plistbuddy -c "Print CFBundleVersion" "$plist")
if [ -z "$buildnum" ]; then
    exit 1
fi
buildnumplus=$(expr $buildnum + 1)
/usr/libexec/Plistbuddy -c "Set CFBundleVersion $buildnumplus" "$plist"

echo $(date) "- Incremented CFBundleVersion to" $buildnumplus >> hookLog.txt

回答5:

I don't know which way is the best, but I will post Apple's answer just in case anybody is searching for it...

According to this Apple's Q&A post:

Automating Version and Build Numbers Using agvtool

The version and build number keys respectively specify the marketing and internal versions of your application. agvtool is a command-line tool that allows you to automatically increment these numbers to the next highest number or to a specific number.

The build number identifies an unreleased or released version of your application. It is stored in your application’s Info.plist as CFBundleVersion(Bundle version).

You must complete the following steps in your Xcode project:

1. Enable agvtool

Navigate to the Build Settings pane of your target, then update it for all your build configurations as follows:

• Set Current Project Version to a value of your choosing.

Your Xcode project data file, project.pbxproj, includes a CURRENT_PROJECT_VERSION (Current Project Version) build setting, which specifies the current version of your project. agvtool searches project.pbxproj for CURRENT_PROJECT_VERSION. It continues running if CURRENT_PROJECT_VERSION exists and stops running, otherwise. Its value is used to update the build number.

• Set Versioning System to Apple Generic.

By default, Xcode does not use any versioning system. Setting Versioning System to Apple Generic ensures that Xcode will include all agvtool-generated version information in your project.

2. Set up your version and build numbers

agvtool searches your application’s Info.plist for your version and build numbers. It updates them if they exist and does nothing, otherwise. Make sure that the CFBundleVersion (Bundle version) and CFBundleShortVersionString (Bundle versions string, short) keys exist in your Info.plist as seen in the image below:

Quit Xcode, then navigate to the directory containing your .xcodeproj project file in the Terminal application before running any of the following commands. The .xcodeproj project file contains project.pbxproj, which is used by agvtool. (This is the part you can run in a script instead of command line.)

Updating the Version Number

To update the version number to a specific version, run

xcrun agvtool new-marketing-version <your_specific_version>

Ex: Update the version number to 2.0

xcrun agvtool new-marketing-version 2.0

Updating the Build Number

To automatically increment your build number, run

xcrun agvtool next-version -all

To set the build number of your application to a specific version, run

xcrun agvtool new-version -all <your_specific_version>

Ex: Set the build number to 2.6.9

xcrun agvtool new-version -all 2.6.9

Bonus:

To view the current version number, run

xcrun agvtool what-marketing-version

To view the current build number, run

xcrun agvtool what-version

回答6:

FWIW - this is what I'm currently using to increase the build number only for release builds (which includes archiving). Works fine under Xcode 5.1.

Just copy/paste the snippet into a Run script build phase directly in Xcode:

buildnum=$(/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Print :CFBundleVersion" "$PRODUCT_SETTINGS_PATH")

if [ "$CONFIGURATION" = "Release" ]; then
buildnum=$((buildnum + 1))
echo "Build number updated to $buildnum"
/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Set :CFBundleVersion $buildnum" "$PRODUCT_SETTINGS_PATH"
fi;

回答7:

Thanks for the script. It works great.

My Info.plist is in a subdirectory with a name containing spaces so I had to modify the Run Script with quotes around the plist path:

${PROJECT_DIR}/tools/bump_build_number.sh "${PROJECT_DIR}/${INFOPLIST_FILE}"

and the shell script in the same way with quotes around all the paths:

#!/bin/sh

if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then
    echo usage: $0 plist-file
    exit 1
fi

plist=$1
dir=$(dirname "$plist")

# Only increment the build number if source files have changed
if [ -n "$(find "$dir" \! -path "*xcuserdata*" \! -path "*.git" -newer "$plist")" ]; then
    buildnum=$(/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Print CFBundleVersion" "$plist")
    if [ -z "$buildnum" ]; then
        echo "No build number in $plist"
        exit 2
    fi
    buildnum=$(expr $buildnum + 1)
    /usr/libexec/Plistbuddy -c "Set CFBundleVersion $buildnum" "$plist"
    echo "Incremented build number to $buildnum"
else
    echo "Not incrementing build number as source files have not changed"
fi

回答8:

The script I'm currently using is very much based on Alix's, above. My adaptation, below, adds a check to only do the auto-increment on a release/archive build.

Without that change there will be version control conflicts as each developer will be incrementing the build number at their own rate. And the fact that the git history would be unnecessarily polluted with the build number changing all the time.

# xcode-build-bump.sh
# @desc Auto-increment Xcode target build number every time the project is archived
# @src stackoverflow.com/a/15483906
# @usage
# 1. Select: your Target in Xcode
# 2. Select: Build Phases Tab
# 3. Select: Add Build Phase -> Add Run Script
# 4. Paste code below in to new "Run Script" section
# 5. Drag the "Run Script" below "Link Binaries With Libraries"
# 6. Insure that your starting build number is set to a whole integer and not a float (e.g. 1, not 1.0)

if [ "Release" != "${CONFIGURATION}" ]
then
    exit 0
fi

buildNumber=$(/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Print CFBundleVersion" "${PROJECT_DIR}/${INFOPLIST_FILE}")
buildNumber=$(($buildNumber + 1))
/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Set :CFBundleVersion $buildNumber" "${PROJECT_DIR}/${INFOPLIST_FILE}"

It's also available (in a slightly easier to copy and paste format) as a GitHub gist.

回答9:

I would recommend the use of autorevision.

Xcode allows for a header file (which can be auto generated at build time and not in the vcs its self) to provide values that will be expanded in the info.plist at build time. You can find a walkthrough for setting this up on the autorevision website.

Autorevision has an output type geared towards these types header files to help in exactly these situations.

回答10:

One issue with some of these solutions is that Launch Services only recognizes four five major digits in the bundle version. I have a project with a build number that's in the thousands, so I wanted to use some of the less significant digits.

This Perl script increments all Info.plists in the project, not just the one for the current target, so the build numbers all stay in lockstep. It also uses one patch digit and two minor digits, so build 1234 is given version 1.23.4. I use it as a pre-build behavior, so it applies to all projects I build.

The script is pretty brute-force, but it does work for me.

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use warnings;
use v5.12.0;

use Dir::Iterate;

for my $plist_file(grepdir { /-Info.plist$/ } '.') {
    my $build = `/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Print CFBundleVersion" '$plist_file'`;
    chomp $build;

    next unless $build;

    # Strip dots
    $build =~ s/\.//g;
    $build =~ s/^0//g;

    # Increment
    $build++;

    # Re-insert dots
    $build =~ s/^(\d{0,4}?) (\d{0,2}?) (\d{0,1}?)$/$1.$2.$3/x;

    # Insert zeroes
    $build =~ s{(^|\.)\.}{${1}0.}g;

    system qq(/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Set :CFBundleVersion $build" '$plist_file');
}

回答11:

You could use Apple's generic versioning. Basically all you have to do is call agvtool next-version -all from within the directory that hosts your .xcproj file. For more details check out the url above.

回答12:

Building on Wil Gieseler's solution, I had just one change I wanted to make. His solution puts the count of git commits into the build number. Useful, but still kind of a pain to find the actual commit that created that build. I didn't care too much whether the build number was monotonically increasing, and so I dropped that requirement so that I could more easily access the commit that generated a given binary.

To that end, I modified his first script to the following:

# Set the build number to the decimal conversion of the short version of the current git SHA

# Get the short version of the current git SHA in hexadecimal
SHA=$(git rev-parse --short @)
# Uppercase any alphabetic chars in SHA (bc doesn't like lowercase hex numbers)
UPPERCASE_SHA=$(tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' <<< "$SHA")
# Use bc to convert the uppercase SHA from hex to decimal
BUILD_NUM=$(bc <<< "ibase=16;obase=A;$UPPERCASE_SHA")
# Set our build number to that
/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Set :CFBundleVersion $BUILD_NUM" "${PROJECT_DIR}/${INFOPLIST_FILE}"

# To convert a build number back to a usable git SHA, run the following, substituting the build number for <build number>
# bc <<< "ibase=10;obase=16;<build number>"

This converts the short version of the current git SHA into decimal. Hexadecimal characters don't play nicely with Apple's build number requirements, which is why I had to do this. To convert it back, you'd simply run something like this:

SHA=$(bc <<< "ibase=10;obase=16;<build number>")

in bash, where <build number> is the build number you got from a binary. Then, just run git checkout $SHA, and there you go.

Because this is an adaptation of Wil Gieseler's solution, as mentioned above, you'll also need the following post-build script:

# Set the build number to "DEVELOPMENT"
/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Set :CFBundleVersion DEVELOPMENT" "${PROJECT_DIR}/${INFOPLIST_FILE}"

which keeps your git history clean.

回答13:

I tried the modified procedure and it did not work, because:-

1. Xcode 4.2.1 changes the xcuserdata subdirectory in .xcodeproj

2. git notes the previous change in Project-Info.plist

The following modification causes these to be ignored and only flags genuine changes:-

if [ -n "$(find $dir \! -path "*xcuserdata*" \! -path "*.git" -newer $plist)" ]; then

回答14:

You may want to do this only when you archive (and upload to TF for example). Otherwise your version number might go up really quick..

In the scheme (Product / Edit Scheme / Archive / Pre-Actions) you can add a script that will be executed only when you archive.

Also, you might want to reset build number each time you increment the app version.

Last thing, if you use archive instead, you can safely disable:

# if [ -n "$(find "$dir" \! -path "*xcuserdata*" \! -path "*.git" -newer "$plist")" ]; then
...
# else
    # echo "Not incrementing build number as source files have not changed"
# fi

As the build number will be incremented only when you archive...

EDIT: Correct what I said, pre-actions in archive happen after build (but before archiving), so build number will be increment for next archive... But you can create a new scheme and add this action in the build (pre-actions) section of this new scheme. and use this scheme when you want to create a new build

回答15:

I use the last SVN revision for the build number. If you change the Info.plist in the build directory, you won't affect the source Info.plist:

# use the last SVN revision as the build number:
Info_plist="$BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR/$CONTENTS_FOLDER_PATH/Info.plist"
defaults write "${Info_plist}" CFBundleVersion `svn stat -u | awk '/'"Status against revision:"'/ {print $4}'`

回答16:

I feel like I've found my tribe. Tribe, I hope you're amused by VersionX.

A decade ago while working on a workspace that had over 25 Xcode projects in it I took the opportunity to automate the version and build string updates to a degree which might seem absurd, if you're maintaining only a project or two with occasional updates.

VersionX:

• is aware of the build type (Release / Debug)
• gathers information at build time from the repository (git support included, but can be customized for hg, svn, or whatever you use)
• provided for easily customizable fancy marketing version strings (which had much more variation before the App Store imposed a convention) so you could automatically increments strings which included symbols for a "beta" using a git tag convention, for example.
• includes a class populated with instance variables containing version and commit information. This is useful for populating your about panel and constructing logging strings, crash reports, or user email bug reports with pre-populated information.

It was fun to make. I learned a boatload about the Xcode build system.

Here's an example of the type of fancy Version and Build strings VersionX could automatically generate.

VersionX 1.0.1 β7 (c5959a3 “Clean”)

Marketing Version: VersionX 1.0.1 β7 The "1.0.1 is derived from the tag for the commit, while The “Beta 7” is automatically generated by the commit count, or build count (for example).

Build Version: (c5959a3 “Clean”) Displays the short commit hash, and informs you that the build directory had zero uncommitted changes.

VersionX (source at GitHub) - a baroque system for automatically incrementing version and build strings in Xcode projects.

The VersionX Documentation.

回答17:

You might want to check out a new tool I've been developing called Xcodebump. It can handle updating both CFBundleShortVersionString and CFBundleVersion. As a final step it will also checkin to git and tag the commit to match up with those CFBundle values.

The Xcodebump project is located here:

https://github.com/markeissler/Xcodebump

回答18:

I update build number by following method.

$INFO_FILE is the path of the plist file. And $build_number is a new build number for this building.

/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Set :CFBundleVersion $build_number" "${INFO_FILE}"

Generally, my $build_number is composed by major and minor parts. The minor is come from project information. So I describe how to generate the major part.

## Composed by `major` and `minor`. 
## `minor` is parsed from project information. It's another story.
## Examples: `21.1`, or `21.1.3`
build_number="${major_number}.${minor_number}"

I have 2 strategies to decide the $build_number.

First Strategy

This strategy uses the git tag count to decide the major of build number. If there are 53 tags of the project, it will return 53 by following shell script.

Generally, it's increasing. And it will force the developer to put a git tag before publishing.

major_number=$(git tag -l | wc -l | grep -oE "\d+")

Second Strategy

Let Jenkins CI system decide the major part. It has an environment variable BUILD_NUMBER. It is increasing automatically when building on the CI system. This information is useful to trace the project history on the CI system.

major_number=${BUILD_NUMBER}

回答19:

Here's my solution. If you're like me: terminal friendly, like ruby, like semantic versioning, try this.

Make a file named Rakefile which contains this:

require "xcodeproj"
require "versionomy"

XCODEPROJECT = "MyProject.xcodeproj"
INFOPLISTFILE = "MyProject/MyProject-Info.plist"

$UPDATES = [:major,:minor,:tiny]
$UPDATES.each { |part|
  desc "increment #{part} part of version"
  task "increment:#{part}" do |task|
    version=`/usr/libexec/Plistbuddy -c "Print CFBundleVersion" #{INFOPLISTFILE}`.chomp
    version=Versionomy.parse(version)
    version=version.bump(part)

    # I use the same string for CFBundleVersion and CFBundleShortVersionString for now
    `/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Set :CFBundleVersion #{version}" #{INFOPLISTFILE}`
    `/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Set :CFBundleShortVersionString #{version}" #{INFOPLISTFILE}`
    print "version upgraded to #{version}\n"
  end
}

Prepare: gem install xcodeproj versionomy

Run: rake increment:major or rake increment:minor or rake increment:tiny whenever you want.

回答20:

Heres an updated version. This works as of Xcode 9.3.1, iOS 11.

Click on 'Build Phases' from your application target, click the + icon to add a new run script, and in the box, paste this code.

buildNumber=$(/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Print CFBundleVersion" "${PROJECT_DIR}/${INFOPLIST_FILE}")
buildNumber=$(($buildNumber + 1))
/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Set :CFBundleVersion $buildNumber" "${PROJECT_DIR}/${INFOPLIST_FILE}"

Go into the Info.plist file and set the 'Bundle version' to 1, and the 'Bundle versions string, short' to 1, you should be set.

Build the project with Info.plist in view, and you should see the Bundle version (Build number) change.

• Note that as of Xcode 9.3.1, you will not be able to see these changes from the general tab, but will see the changes when you archive a build, and in Info.plist

回答21:

I find it most convinient to use Automating Version and Build Numbers Using agvtool.

Try this:

1. Configure it as described in Apple's documentation linked above.
2. Add script as Pre-action to Project -> Edit Scheme... -> Archive (or other if you prefer)
3. Set: Provide build settings from <your_app_target>

The script (first line is optional):

exec > ${PROJECT_DIR}/prebuild.log 2>&1
cd ${PROJECT_DIR}
xcrun agvtool next-version -all
cd -

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9258344/better-way-of-incrementing-build-number