How to use a colored shape as yticks in matplotlib or seaborn?

问题

I am working on a task called knowledge tracing which estimates the student mastery level over time. I would like to plot a similar figure as below using the Matplotlib or Seaborn.

It uses different colors to represent a knowledge concept, instead of a text. However, I have googled and found there is no article is talking about how we can do this.

I tried the following

# simulate a record of student mastery level
student_mastery = np.random.rand(5, 30)
df = pd.DataFrame(student_mastery)

# plot the heatmap using seaborn
marker = matplotlib.markers.MarkerStyle(marker='o', fillstyle='full')
sns_plot = sns.heatmap(df, cmap="RdYlGn", vmin=0.0, vmax=1.0)
y_limit = 5
y_labels = [marker for i in range(y_limit)]
plt.yticks(range(y_limit), y_labels)

Yet it simply returns the __repr__ of the marker, e.g., <matplotlib.markers.MarkerStyle at 0x1c5bb07860> on the yticks.

Thanks in advance!

回答1:

While How can I make the xtick labels of a plot be simple drawings using matplotlib? gives you a general solution for arbitrary shapes, for the shapes shown here, it may make sense to use unicode symbols as text and colorize them according to your needs.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np; np.random.seed(42)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.imshow(np.random.rand(3,10), cmap="Greys")

symbolsx = ["⚪", "⚪", "⚫", "⚫", "⚪", "⚫","⚪", "⚫", "⚫","⚪"]
colorsx = np.random.choice(["#3ba1ab", "#b43232", "#8ecc3a", "#893bab"], 10)
ax.set_xticks(range(len(symbolsx)))
ax.set_xticklabels(symbolsx, size=40)
for tick, color in zip(ax.get_xticklabels(), colorsx):
    tick.set_color(color)

symbolsy = ["◾", "◾", "◾"]
ax.set_yticks(range(len(symbolsy)))
ax.set_yticklabels(symbolsy, size=40)
for tick, color in zip(ax.get_yticklabels(), ["crimson", "gold", "indigo"]):
    tick.set_color(color)


plt.show()

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54687531/how-to-use-a-colored-shape-as-yticks-in-matplotlib-or-seaborn