How to obtain the eigenvalues after performing Multidimensional scaling?

问题

I am interested in taking a look at the Eigenvalues after performing Multidimensional scaling. What function can do that ? I looked at the documentation, but it does not mention Eigenvalues at all.

Here is a code sample:

mds = manifold.MDS(n_components=100, max_iter=3000, eps=1e-9,
                   random_state=seed, dissimilarity="precomputed", n_jobs=1)
results = mds.fit(wordDissimilarityMatrix)
# need a way to get the Eigenvalues

回答1:

I also couldn't find it from reading the documentation. I suspect they aren't performing classical MDS, but something more sophisticated:

“Modern Multidimensional Scaling - Theory and Applications” Borg, I.; Groenen P. Springer Series in Statistics (1997)

“Nonmetric multidimensional scaling: a numerical method” Kruskal, J. Psychometrika, 29 (1964)

“Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness of fit to a nonmetric hypothesis” Kruskal, J. Psychometrika, 29, (1964)

If you're looking for eigenvalues per classical MDS then it's not hard to get them yourself. The steps are:

1. Get your distance matrix. Then square it.
2. Perform double-centering.
3. Find eigenvalues and eigenvectors
4. Select top k eigenvalues.
5. Your ith principle component is sqrt(eigenvalue_i)*eigenvector_i

See below for code example:

import numpy.linalg as la
import pandas as pd

# get some distance matrix
df = pd.read_csv("http://rosetta.reltech.org/TC/v15/Mapping/data/dist-Aus.csv")
A = df.values.T[1:].astype(float)
# square it
A = A**2

# centering matrix
n = A.shape[0]
J_c = 1./n*(np.eye(n) - 1 + (n-1)*np.eye(n))

# perform double centering
B = -0.5*(J_c.dot(A)).dot(J_c)

# find eigenvalues and eigenvectors
eigen_val = la.eig(B)[0]
eigen_vec = la.eig(B)[1].T

# select top 2 dimensions (for example)
PC1 = np.sqrt(eigen_val[0])*eigen_vec[0]
PC2 = np.sqrt(eigen_val[1])*eigen_vec[1]

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38112853/how-to-obtain-the-eigenvalues-after-performing-multidimensional-scaling