Using ListView inside ConstraintLayout

问题

I have read on Android Developers that ConstraintLayout can be used to design a responsive layout for an application. There is a parent ConstraintLayout which houses a toolbar and two other ConstraintLayouts. The first child ConstraintLayout is going to act as empty view for my ListView. The second ConstraintLayout holds my listview and a floating action button. Currently, the the listview appears under the Toolbar, rather than below it. Also as seen in the screenshot, the floating action button appears outside visible area.
See the screenshot below:

And this is the app layout when the list is empty:

This is the code for my layout:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>


<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:id="@+id/content"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    >

    <android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
        android:id="@+id/toolbar"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
        android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
        android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"/>


    <android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/toolbar"
        android:id="@+id/empty_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="?attr/actionBarSize">

        <TextView
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
            android:id="@+id/tv_empty_view"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@string/list_is_empty"
            android:textSize="@dimen/large_text"
            android:textStyle="bold"
            />

        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/iv_empty_view"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/tv_empty_view"
            app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
            android:contentDescription="@string/list_is_empty"
            android:src="@drawable/emptybox" />
    </android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
    <android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout
        android:id="@+id/main_area"
        android:layout_marginTop="50dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="?actionBarSize"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/toolbar"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent">

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/listview"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginBottom="?attr/actionBarSize"
        android:layout_marginLeft="@dimen/margin_side"
        android:layout_marginStart="@dimen/margin_side"
        android:layout_marginRight="@dimen/margin_side"
        android:layout_marginEnd="@dimen/margin_side"
        android:layout_marginTop="?attr/actionBarSize"
        />
    <android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
        android:layout_below="@+id/listview"
        android:id="@+id/fab"
        android:layout_width="@android:dimen/notification_large_icon_width"
        android:layout_height="@android:dimen/notification_large_icon_height"
        android:layout_gravity="end|bottom"
        android:src="@drawable/plus"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        />
    </android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>



</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

回答1:

While using ConstraintLayout you have to add constraints for 'constraintTop',constraintRight,constraintBottom,constraintLeft or constraintStart and constraintEnd. only if you constraint all your four sides the constraint layout (or Constraint Start or End with other References) works well. Otherwise the layout will not work correctly

For Further Reference https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/constraint-layout/index.html?index=..%2F..%2Findex#0

https://developer.android.com/training/constraint-layout/index.html

回答2:

There are a couple of things that you can improve with the XML and make the design easier.

First, the main layout will match the screen, to have the preview correctly simulate that, you can set its width/height to match_parent

<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:id="@+id/content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
>

Then, Android Studio should be giving you warnings/errors and saying The view is not constrained horizontally/vertically. In ConstraintLayout, you have to use constraints to specify how your views are placed. If you don't, by default they will position at 0/0 and most probably will look different when it runs on the device:

<ListView
        android:id="@+id/listview"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.0"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        android:layout_marginBottom="0dp" />

Now, you should be able to that the main_area overlaps with the toolbar. To fix it, you can change main_area height to match the constrains:

android:id="@+id/main_area"
android:layout_height="0dp"

You should be able to obtain a design similar to what you intended.

回答3:

Here is your desired result, I've made some changes like margins, src just to make it work in my studio, so you'll have to choose whatever you were using, just replace mine with your src's and margins etc...

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout
 xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
 android:id="@+id/content"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent"
 android:orientation="vertical"
 >

 <android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
    android:id="@+id/toolbar"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="56dp"
    android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
    android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"/>


<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout
    app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/toolbar"
    android:id="@+id/empty_view"
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent">

    <TextView
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        android:id="@+id/tv_empty_view"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        android:text="list_is_empty"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        android:textStyle="bold"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent" />

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/iv_empty_view"
        android:layout_width="20dp"
        android:layout_height="20dp"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/tv_empty_view"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        android:background="#fff222" />
</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout
    android:id="@+id/main_area"

    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="0dp"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/toolbar"
    app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent">

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/listview"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent" />
    <android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
        android:layout_marginEnd="30dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="30dp"
        android:id="@+id/fab"
        android:layout_width="64dp"
        android:layout_height="64dp"
        android:src="@drawable/bg"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        />
</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

Here's the output:

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46744221/using-listview-inside-constraintlayout