synchronized和volatile

volatile ：保证内存可见性，但是不保证原子性；

synchronized：同步锁，既能保证内存可见性，又能保证原子性；

synchronized实现可重入锁 (1.持有同一锁自动获取 2.继承锁)

锁定的对象有两种:1.类的实例（对象锁） 2.类对象(类锁)

对象锁（synchronized修饰普通方法或代码块） 对象锁已被其他调用者占用，则需要等待此锁被释放

/**
* 对象锁的两种方式
*/
//方式一

private int count =10;
public synchronized void test01() {
count--;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"count="+count);
}

//方式二
public void test02() {
synchronized(this) {
count--;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"count="+count);
}
}

类锁（synchronized修饰静态方法）所有类实例化对象互斥拥有一把类锁

private static int count =10;
    /**
     * 类锁两种表现方式
     */
    public static synchronized void test01() {
        count -- ;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"count="+count);
    }
    
    
    public static  void test02() {
        synchronized(CurrentDemo01.class) {
            count -- ;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"count="+count);
        }
    }

同一字符串常量代表同一把锁对象

//t1执行结束，t2再执行，t1和t2持有同一把锁
public class CurrentDemo03 {

    String s1 = "yew";
    String s2 = "yew";

    public void test01(){
        synchronized (s1){
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---start");
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                System.out.println("interrupt");
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---end");
        }
    }

    public void test02(){
          synchronized (s2){
              System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---start");
              try {
                  TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
              } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                  System.out.println("interrupt");
              }
              System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---end");
          }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CurrentDemo03 demo3 = new CurrentDemo03();
        new Thread(demo3::test01,"t1").start();
        new Thread(demo3::test02,"t2").start();
    }
}

synchronized同步代码块粒度越小，执行效率越高

public class CurrentDemo04 {

 //总数
 private static int count = 0;
 public synchronized  void test01() throws InterruptedException {
     System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---start");
     TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
     for (int i = 0; i <10000000 ; i++) {
         count++ ;
     }
     TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
     System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---end");
 }
 
 public void test02() throws InterruptedException {
     System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---start");
     TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
     synchronized (this){
         for (int i = 0; i <10000000 ; i++) {
             count++ ;
         }
     }
     TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
     System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---end");
 }

    //demo04.test01();8043ms
    // demo04.test02();4116ms
    public static void main(String[] args){
        CurrentDemo04 demo04 = new CurrentDemo04();
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    demo04.test02();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    demo04.test02();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
        System.out.println(Thread.activeCount());
        while(Thread.activeCount()>2){
            Thread.yield();
        }
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("耗时:"+(end-start)+"ms");
        System.out.println(count);
    }
}

synchronized方法正常返回或者抛异常而终止，jvm会自动释放对象锁(捕获异常则不会自动释放)

public class CurrentDemo08 {
    
    //总数值
    private int count = 0;

    public synchronized void test01() throws Exception {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---start");

        while (true){
            count++ ;
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            if(count <5){
                System.out.println(count);
            }else{
                try {
                    int m =  count/0;
                }catch (Exception e){
                    System.out.println("ERROR :"+e.getMessage());
                   // return;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public synchronized void test02() throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"----start");

        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---end");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        CurrentDemo08 demo08 = new CurrentDemo08();

        new Thread(()-> {
            try {
                demo08.test01();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                System.out.println("test01中断");
            }
        },"t1").start();

        new Thread(()-> {
            try {
                demo08.test02();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                System.out.println("test02中断");
            }
        },"t2").start();
    }
}

/**
 * @author yew
 * @date on 2019/11/18 - 11:49
 * 一道面试题：实现一个容器，提供两个方法，add,size
 * 写两个线程，线程1添加10个元素到容器中，线程2实现监控元素的个数，
 * 当个数到5个时，线程2给出提示并结束线程2
 * 1.无volatile,线程间不可见，线程t2不会结束
 * 2.volatile可以保证原子的可见性,存在不确定性  while(true) 占用CPU资源
 */
public class CurrentDemo11 {
   //List<Object> lists = new ArrayList<Object>();
    volatile List<Object> lists = new ArrayList<Object>();

    public void add(Object s) {
        lists.add(s);
    }
    public int size() {
        return lists.size();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CurrentDemo11 demo11 = new CurrentDemo11();

        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                demo11.add(new Object());
                System.out.println("add Object" + (i + 1));
                try {
                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(5);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("t1线程结束");
        }, "t1").start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            System.out.println("t2线程开始");
            while (true) {
                if (demo11.size() == 5){
                    break;
                }
            }
            System.out.println("t2线程结束");
        }, "t2").start();
    }
}优化上述问题：

/** * @author yew * 1.wait----notify（随机唤醒持有当前锁且等待的某个线程）/notifyAll（唤醒持有当前锁所有的等待线程） * notify随机唤醒持有锁等待的线程，但是不会释放当前持有的锁 所以监控线程不会立马结束 * 2.countdownLatch */public class CurrentDemo12 {     List lists = new ArrayList();    public int size() {        return this.lists.size();    }    public void add(Object obj) {        this.lists.add(obj);    }    public static void main(String[] args) {        CurrentDemo12 demo12 = new CurrentDemo12();        Object lock = new Object();        //先启用t2进行监听        new Thread(()->{            synchronized (lock){                System.out.println("t2线程启动");                if(demo12.size() != 5){                    try {                        lock.wait();                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {                        e.printStackTrace();                    }                }                System.out.println("t2线程结束");                lock.notify();            }        },"t2").start();        new Thread(()->{            synchronized (lock){                System.out.println("t1线程启动");                for (int i = 0; i < 10 ; i++) {                    System.out.println("add Object"+(i+1));                    demo12.add(new Object());                    try {                        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {                        e.printStackTrace();                    }                    if(demo12.size() == 5){                        lock.notify();                        try {                            lock.wait();                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {                            e.printStackTrace();                        }                    }                }                System.out.println("t1线程结束");            }        }).start();    }}

/** * 面试题：写一个固定容量同步容器，拥有Put和get方法，以及getCount方法，
 * 能够支持两个生产者线程以及10个消费者线程的阻塞调用
 * wait notifyAll
 */
public class CurrentDemo13 {
    private static final  int MAX = 20;
    private final LinkedList<Object> list = new LinkedList<>();
    static int count;

    public synchronized void put(Object obj){
        while (list.size() == MAX){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                System.out.println();
            }
        }
        list.add(obj);
        ++count;
        System.out.println("生产后剩余数量"+count);
        this.notifyAll();
    }


    public synchronized  Object get(){
        while (list.size()==0){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        Object t = list.removeFirst();
        --count;
        System.out.println("消费后剩余数量"+count);
        this.notifyAll();
        return t;
    }

    public int getCount(){
        return count;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CurrentDemo13 demo13 = new CurrentDemo13();
        //创建生产者
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    while (true){
                        demo13.put(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---"+count);
                        try {
                            Thread.sleep(500);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }).start();
        }

        try {
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    while (true){
                        System.out.println(demo13.get());
                        try {
                            Thread.sleep(3000);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

/** * condition：在某种状态下 */public class CurrentDemo14 {    LinkedList<Object> lists = new LinkedList<>();    private static final int MAX = 20;    private  static int count = 0;    ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();    Condition producer = lock.newCondition();    Condition consumer = lock.newCondition();    public  void put(Object obj){        try {            lock.lock();            while (lists.size()==MAX){                producer.await();            }            lists.add(obj+"----"+count);            count++;            System.out.println("生产后剩余："+count);            Thread.sleep(500);            consumer.signalAll();        } catch (Exception e) {            System.out.println("生产线程异常中断"+e.getMessage());        }finally {            lock.unlock();        }    }    public  Object get(){        Object t = null;        try {            lock.lock();            while (lists.size()==0){                consumer.await();            }            t = lists.removeFirst();            System.out.println("已消费对象："+t);            count--;            System.out.println("消费后剩余："+count);            Thread.sleep(2000);            producer.signalAll();        } catch (Exception e) {            System.out.println("消费线程异常中断"+e.getMessage());        }finally {            lock.unlock();            return t;        }    }    public static void main(String[] args){        CurrentDemo14 currentDemo14 = new CurrentDemo14();        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {            new Thread("p"+i){                public void run(){                    for (;;) {                        currentDemo14.put(Thread.currentThread().getName());                    }                }            }.start();        }        try {            Thread.sleep(2000);        } catch (InterruptedException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {            new Thread("c"+i){                public void run(){                    for (;;) {                        currentDemo14.get();                    }                }            }.start();        }    }}

/**
 * ReentrantLock
 * ReentrantLock同synchronized效果相同
 * 1.synchronized遇到异常，自动释放锁，reentranLock需要手动释放锁，所以释放锁需要放在finally代码块执行;
 * 2.tryLock() 尝试拿锁，拿不到锁的时候可以根据返回的boolean值来决定是否继续执行
 * 3.lockInterruptibly()可以对线程中断做出反应
 */
public class CurrentDemo15 {

    ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    public void test01(){
        try{
            lock.lock();
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"test 01");
            int t = 10/0;
        }catch (Exception e){
            System.out.println("ERROR");
        }finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }


    public void test02(){
        try{
//            lock.tryLock(3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
//            lock.lockInterruptibly();
            lock.lock();
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"test 02");
        }catch (Exception e){
            System.out.println("ERROR");
        }finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CurrentDemo15 currentDemo15 = new CurrentDemo15();
        new Thread("t1"){
            public void run(){
                currentDemo15.test01();
            }
        }.start();

        try {
            Thread.sleep(1);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        Thread t2 = new Thread("t2"){
            public void run(){
                currentDemo15.test02();
            }
        };
        t2.start();

        try {
            Thread.sleep(1);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        t2.interrupt();
    }
}

来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/vincentYw/p/11834793.html

标签

synchronized

volatile

原子

synchronized和volatile使用

synchronized和volatile