1 单例模式
简单点说,就是一个应用程序中,某个类的实例对象只有一个,你没有办法去new,因为构造器是被private修饰的,一般通过getInstance()的方法来获取它们的实例。
getInstance()的返回值是一个对象的引用,并不是一个新的实例,所以不要错误的理解成多个对象。
1 public class Singleton {
2
3 private static Singleton singleton;
4
5 private Singleton() {
6 }
7
8 public static Singleton getInstance() {
9 if (singleton == null) {
10 singleton = new Singleton();
11 }
12 return singleton;
13 }
14 }
懒汉式写法(线程安全)
1 public class Singleton {
2 private static Singleton instance;
3 private Singleton (){}
4 public static synchronized Singleton getInstance() {
5 if (instance == null) {
6 instance = new Singleton();
7 }
8 return instance;
9 }
10 }
饿汉式写法
1 public class Singleton {
2 private static Singleton instance = new Singleton();
3 private Singleton (){}
4 public static Singleton getInstance() {
5 return instance;
6 }
7 }
静态内部类
1 public class Singleton {
2 private static class SingletonHolder {
3 private static final Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();
4 }
5 private Singleton (){}
6 public static final Singleton getInstance() {
7 return SingletonHolder.INSTANCE;
8 }
9 }
枚举
1 public enum Singleton {
2 INSTANCE;
3 public void whateverMethod() {
4 }
5 }
双重校验锁
1 public class Singleton {
2 private volatile static Singleton singleton;
3 private Singleton (){}
4 public static Singleton getSingleton() {
5 if (singleton == null) {
6 synchronized (Singleton.class) {
7 if (singleton == null) {
8 singleton = new Singleton();
9 }
10 }
11 }
12 return singleton;
13 }
14 }
2 观察者模式
对象间一对多的依赖关系,当一个对象的状态发生改变时,所有依赖于它的对象都得到通知并被自动更新。
1 public interface Person {
2 //小王和小李通过这个接口可以接收到小美发过来的消息
3 void getMessage(String s);
4 }
1 public class LaoWang implements Person {
2
3 private String name = "小王";
4
5 public LaoWang() {
6 }
7
8 @Override
9 public void getMessage(String s) {
10 System.out.println(name + "接到了小美打过来的电话,电话内容是:" + s);
11 }
12
13 }
14
15 public class LaoLi implements Person {
16
17 private String name = "小李";
18
19 public LaoLi() {
20 }
21
22 @Override
23 public void getMessage(String s) {
24 System.out.println(name + "接到了小美打过来的电话,电话内容是:->" + s);
25 }
26
27 }
public class XiaoMei {
List<Person> list = new ArrayList<Person>();
public XiaoMei(){
}
public void addPerson(Person person){
list.add(person);
}
//遍历list,把自己的通知发送给所有暗恋自己的人
public void notifyPerson() {
for(Person person:list){
person.getMessage("你们过来吧,谁先过来谁就能陪我一起玩儿游戏!");
}
}
}
1 //测试类
2 public class Test {
3 public static void main(String[] args) {
4
5 XiaoMei xiao_mei = new XiaoMei();
6 LaoWang lao_wang = new LaoWang();
7 LaoLi lao_li = new LaoLi();
8
9 //小王和小李在小美那里都注册了一下
10 xiao_mei.addPerson(lao_wang);
11 xiao_mei.addPerson(lao_li);
12
13 //小美向小王和小李发送通知
14 xiao_mei.notifyPerson();
15 }
16 }
3 装饰者模式
对已有的业务逻辑进一步的封装,使其增加额外的功能,如Java中的IO流就使用了装饰者模式,用户在使用的时候,可以任意组装,达到自己想要的效果。
1 public class Food {
2
3 private String food_name;
4
5 public Food() {
6 }
7
8 public Food(String food_name) {
9 this.food_name = food_name;
10 }
11
12 public String make() {
13 return food_name;
14 };
15 }
1 //面包类
2 public class Bread extends Food {
3
4 private Food basic_food;
5
6 public Bread(Food basic_food) {
7 this.basic_food = basic_food;
8 }
9
10 public String make() {
11 return basic_food.make()+"+面包";
12 }
13 }
14
15 //奶油类
16 public class Cream extends Food {
17
18 private Food basic_food;
19
20 public Cream(Food basic_food) {
21 this.basic_food = basic_food;
22 }
23
24 public String make() {
25 return basic_food.make()+"+奶油";
26 }
27 }
28
29 //蔬菜类
30 public class Vegetable extends Food {
31
32 private Food basic_food;
33
34 public Vegetable(Food basic_food) {
35 this.basic_food = basic_food;
36 }
37
38 public String make() {
39 return basic_food.make()+"+蔬菜";
40 }
41
42 }
1 public class Test {
2 public static void main(String[] args) {
3 Food food = new Bread(new Vegetable(new Cream(new Food("香肠"))));
4 System.out.println(food.make());
5 }
6 }

4 适配器模式
将两种完全不同的事物联系到一起,就像现实生活中的变压器。假设一个手机充电器需要的电压是20V,但是正常的电压是220V,这时候就需要一个变压器,将220V的电压转换成20V的电压,这样,变压器就将20V的电压和手机联系起来了。
1 public class Test {
2 public static void main(String[] args) {
3 Phone phone = new Phone();
4 VoltageAdapter adapter = new VoltageAdapter();
5 phone.setAdapter(adapter);
6 phone.charge();
7 }
8 }
9
10 // 手机类
11 class Phone {
12
13 public static final int V = 220;// 正常电压220v,是一个常量
14
15 private VoltageAdapter adapter;
16
17 // 充电
18 public void charge() {
19 adapter.changeVoltage();
20 }
21
22 public void setAdapter(VoltageAdapter adapter) {
23 this.adapter = adapter;
24 }
25 }
26
27 // 变压器
28 class VoltageAdapter {
29 // 改变电压的功能
30 public void changeVoltage() {
31 System.out.println("正在充电...");
32 System.out.println("原始电压:" + Phone.V + "V");
33 System.out.println("经过变压器转换之后的电压:" + (Phone.V - 200) + "V");
34 }
35 }
5 工厂模式
简单工厂模式:一个抽象的接口,多个抽象接口的实现类,一个工厂类,用来实例化抽象的接口
1 // 抽象产品类
2 abstract class Car {
3 public void run();
4
5 public void stop();
6 }
7
8 // 具体实现类
9 class Benz implements Car {
10 public void run() {
11 System.out.println("Benz开始启动了。。。。。");
12 }
13
14 public void stop() {
15 System.out.println("Benz停车了。。。。。");
16 }
17 }
18
19 class Ford implements Car {
20 public void run() {
21 System.out.println("Ford开始启动了。。。");
22 }
23
24 public void stop() {
25 System.out.println("Ford停车了。。。。");
26 }
27 }
28
29 // 工厂类
30 class Factory {
31 public static Car getCarInstance(String type) {
32 Car c = null;
33 if ("Benz".equals(type)) {
34 c = new Benz();
35 }
36 if ("Ford".equals(type)) {
37 c = new Ford();
38 }
39 return c;
40 }
41 }
42
43 public class Test {
44
45 public static void main(String[] args) {
46 Car c = Factory.getCarInstance("Benz");
47 if (c != null) {
48 c.run();
49 c.stop();
50 } else {
51 System.out.println("造不了这种汽车。。。");
52 }
53
54 }
55
56 }
工厂方法模式:有四个角色,抽象工厂模式,具体工厂模式,抽象产品模式,具体产品模式。不再是由一个工厂类去实例化具体的产品,而是由抽象工厂的子类去实例化产品
1 // 抽象产品角色
2 public interface Moveable {
3 void run();
4 }
5
6 // 具体产品角色
7 public class Plane implements Moveable {
8 @Override
9 public void run() {
10 System.out.println("plane....");
11 }
12 }
13
14 public class Broom implements Moveable {
15 @Override
16 public void run() {
17 System.out.println("broom.....");
18 }
19 }
20
21 // 抽象工厂
22 public abstract class VehicleFactory {
23 abstract Moveable create();
24 }
25
26 // 具体工厂
27 public class PlaneFactory extends VehicleFactory {
28 public Moveable create() {
29 return new Plane();
30 }
31 }
32
33 public class BroomFactory extends VehicleFactory {
34 public Moveable create() {
35 return new Broom();
36 }
37 }
38
39 // 测试类
40 public class Test {
41 public static void main(String[] args) {
42 VehicleFactory factory = new BroomFactory();
43 Moveable m = factory.create();
44 m.run();
45 }
46 }
抽象工厂模式:与工厂方法模式不同的是,工厂方法模式中的工厂只生产单一的产品,而抽象工厂模式中的工厂生产多个产品
1 //抽象工厂类
2 public abstract class AbstractFactory {
3 public abstract Vehicle createVehicle();
4 public abstract Weapon createWeapon();
5 public abstract Food createFood();
6 }
7 //具体工厂类,其中Food,Vehicle,Weapon是抽象类,
8 public class DefaultFactory extends AbstractFactory{
9 @Override
10 public Food createFood() {
11 return new Apple();
12 }
13 @Override
14 public Vehicle createVehicle() {
15 return new Car();
16 }
17 @Override
18 public Weapon createWeapon() {
19 return new AK47();
20 }
21 }
22 //测试类
23 public class Test {
24 public static void main(String[] args) {
25 AbstractFactory f = new DefaultFactory();
26 Vehicle v = f.createVehicle();
27 v.run();
28 Weapon w = f.createWeapon();
29 w.shoot();
30 Food a = f.createFood();
31 a.printName();
32 }
33 }
6 代理模式之静态代理
整个流程大概是这样的:家里人催婚->男女双方家庭商定结婚的黄道即日->找一家靠谱的婚庆公司->在约定的时间举行结婚仪式->结婚完毕
1 //代理接口
2 public interface ProxyInterface {
3 //需要代理的是结婚这件事,如果还有其他事情需要代理,比如吃饭睡觉上厕所,也可以写
4 void marry();
5 //代理吃饭(自己的饭,让别人吃去吧)
6 //void eat();
7 //代理拉屎,自己的屎,让别人拉去吧
8 //void shit();
9 }
1 public class WeddingCompany implements ProxyInterface {
2
3 private ProxyInterface proxyInterface;
4
5 public WeddingCompany(ProxyInterface proxyInterface) {
6 this.proxyInterface = proxyInterface;
7 }
8
9 @Override
10 public void marry() {
11 System.out.println("我们是婚庆公司的");
12 System.out.println("我们在做结婚前的准备工作");
13 System.out.println("节目彩排...");
14 System.out.println("礼物购买...");
15 System.out.println("工作人员分工...");
16 System.out.println("可以开始结婚了");
17 proxyInterface.marry();
18 System.out.println("结婚完毕,我们需要做后续处理,你们可以回家了,其余的事情我们公司来做");
19 }
20
21 }
1 public class NormalHome implements ProxyInterface{
2
3 @Override
4 public void marry() {
5 System.out.println("我们结婚啦~");
6 }
7
8 }
1 public class Test {
2 public static void main(String[] args) {
3 ProxyInterface proxyInterface = new WeddingCompany(new NormalHome());
4 proxyInterface.marry();
5 }
6 }

来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/lp-web/p/12010517.html