Compiling multiple .cpp and .h files using g++. Am I doing it right?

问题

Lets say I have these files: main.cpp, ClassA.cpp, ClassA.h, ClassB.cpp, ClassB.h

The main has #include "ClassA.h" and #include "ClassB.h" and each .cpp file includes its respective .h file. Is this correct?

Now I am compiling using g++ *.cpp after which I get an executable a.exe (Windows)

And my question is that is this the right way? And lets say if I only make changes in one file (cpp or h)will this command also recompile the unchanged files(because I see no new files in the folder except a.exe)? Please explain. Also how do I prevent that?

P.S I am not familiar with make and do not want to use that either so please do not refer to that in the answers and I read Using G++ to compile multiple .cpp and .h files but I need more explanation regarding my questions.

回答1:

If you want to do it manually, you can compile all your .cpp files into object files

g++ -c *.cpp

and link all the object files

g++ *.o -o a.out

If ClassA.cpp is changed, you can just recompile ClassA.cpp

g++ -c ClassA.cpp

and link them all again

g++ *.o -o a.out

At least, you do not need to recompile the unchanged .cpp files.

回答2:

And my question is that is this the right way?

It will be better to create a makefile and use make to build your target.

And lets say if I only make changes in one file (cpp or h)will this command also recompile the unchanged files(because I see no new files in the folder except a.exe)?

Yes.

Please explain. Also how do I prevent that?

Using make. make will help keep track of dependencies and compile files that need to be compiled, or in general build targets that are out of date.

回答3:

For the #include, you are correct. Make sure you have include guards so that their contents are included only once.

#ifndef CLASS_A_H
#define CLASS_A_H

class classA
{

};

#endif

you can specify -o to g++ to name your output file something else than 'a.exe'

Usually with gcc/g++ and other command line compilers, the strategy is to first compile the source files, then link them with another command. This helps prevent the files not modified from being recompiled every time. This uses the -c switch of gcc

Try this

g++ -c ClassA.cpp -o ClassA.o
g++ -c ClassB.cpp -o ClassB.o
g++ -c main.cpp -o main.o

g++ ClassA.o ClassB.o main.o -o myProgram.exe

回答4:

You should use cmake for that purpose

CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED(VERSION 2.8)
project(cmake_demo)
    File(GLOB SRC_FILES src/*.cpp)
message(src: ${SRC_FILES})
add_executable(cmake_demo ${SRC_FILES})