multi threads modify a global list in python

问题

i want to add an item into a global list every 2 seconds in one thread, and save the list into database before empty it every 3 seconds in another thread.

i create two local varibles to monitor the total added items and total saveditems, they should be equal every 6 senconds,but it is not. here is my code:

import datetime
import psutil,os,time
from threading import *
class AddToList(Thread):
    totalAdded=0
    def run(self):
        lock=RLock()
        lock.acquire()
        while True:
            entryList.append("AddToList at "+str(datetime.datetime.now()))
            self.totalAdded=self.totalAdded+len(entryList)
            print("totalAdded:"+str(self.totalAdded))
            time.sleep(2)
        lock.release()
class SaveList(Thread):
    totalSaved=0
    '''save entry to server'''
    def __init__(self):
        Thread.__init__(self)
    def run(self):
        lock=RLock()
        lock.acquire()
        while True:
            #save list to database,then empty the list
            self.totalSaved=self.totalSaved+len(entryList)
            del entryList[:]
            print("totalSaved:"+str(self.totalSaved))
            time.sleep(3)
        lock.release()

if __name__=="__main__":
    global entryList
    entryList=[]
    addClass= AddToList()
    addClass.start()
    saveClass=SaveList()
    saveClass.start()

result:

totalAdded:2
totalSaved:2
totalAdded:3
totalSaved:3totalAdded:4

totalAdded:6
totalSaved:5
totalAdded:7
totalSaved:6
totalAdded:8
totalAdded:10
totalSaved:8
totalAdded:11
totalSaved:9
totalAdded:12
totalAdded:14
totalSaved:11
totalAdded:15
totalSaved:12
...........
...........
totalAdded:51
totalSaved:39totalAdded:52

totalAdded:54
totalSaved:41
totalAdded:55
totalSaved:42
totalAdded:56
totalAdded:58
totalSaved:44
totalAdded:59
totalSaved:45totalAdded:60
......
......

i anm new to python and searched a lot about threading ,Lock and RLock ,but with no luck. where am wrong?

回答1:

To make Lock and RLock work you must use the same object in every thread. The lock objects must have the same "visibility" of the object that you want to "protect".

Here is a new version of you code which should work. It also avoid using things like global variables etc.

import datetime
import time
import threading

class AddToList(threading.Thread):

    def __init__(self, lock, entryList):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.totalAdded = 0
        self.entryList = entryList
        self.lock = lock

    def run(self):
        while True:
            self.lock.acquire()
            entryList.append("AddToList at {}".format(datetime.datetime.now()))
            self.totalAdded += 1
            self.lock.release()
            print("totalAdded: {}".format(self.totalAdded))
            time.sleep(2)


class SaveList(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, lock, entryList):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.totalSaved = 0
        self.entryList = entryList
        self.lock = lock

    def run(self):
        while True:
            self.lock.acquire()
            self.totalSaved += len(self.entryList)
            del self.entryList[:]
            self.lock.release()
            print("totalSaved: {}".format(self.totalSaved))
            time.sleep(3)


if __name__=="__main__":
    lock=threading.Lock()
    entryList=[]

    addClass = AddToList(lock, entryList)
    addClass.start()

    saveClass = SaveList(lock, entryList)
    saveClass.start()

Some things to note:

Use Lock instead of RLock when you don't have any particular needs. RLock is much slower.
As already pointed out by someone it is better avoid using global variables when not needed. Also Class variables should be used only when it makes sense.
When you use a lock you should try to limit as much as possible the code between acquire and release. In you previous code you never release the lock.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20909848/multi-threads-modify-a-global-list-in-python

标签

python

multithreading

locking