问题
I\'m porting a webapp from Tomcat 7 to another server with Tomcat 7 but with Java 8.
Tomcat starts successfully but in log catalina.out I get:
org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassFormatException: Invalid byte tag in constant pool: 15
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.Constant.readConstant(Constant.java:131)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ConstantPool.<init>(ConstantPool.java:60)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.readConstantPool(ClassParser.java:209)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassParser.parse(ClassParser.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsStream(ContextConfig.java:2049)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsJar(ContextConfig.java:1931)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsUrl(ContextConfig.java:1899)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotations(ContextConfig.java:1885)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.webConfig(ContextConfig.java:1281)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:855)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:346)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5172)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:899)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:875)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:618)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1100)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDirectory.run(HostConfig.java:1618)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
What could be the problem?
回答1:
The "offical answer" is that Tomcat 7 runs on Java 8, see http://tomcat.apache.org/whichversion.html ("Java version 6 and later").
However, if annotation scanning is enabled (metadata-complete="true" in web.xml) there are some issues due to BCEL (not able to process the new Java 8 byte codes). You will get exceptions like (at least with Tomcat 7.0.28):
SEVERE: Unable to process Jar entry [jdk/nashorn/internal/objects/NativeString.class] from Jar [jar:file:/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_5/jre/lib/ext/nashorn.jar!/] for annotations
org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.ClassFormatException: Invalid byte tag in constant pool: 15
at org.apache.tomcat.util.bcel.classfile.Constant.readConstant(Constant.java:131)
If not using annotation scanning, everything works fine, starting release 7.0.53 (updated compiler with better Java 8 support).
(UPDATE 2014-10-17)
If your are using annotation scanning and your own code is not Java 8 based, another solution is to add the following line in /etc/tomcat7/catalina.properties (text added after "ant-launcher.jar" so part of property tomcat.util.scan.DefaultJarScanner.jarsToSkip):
junit.jar,junit-*.jar,ant-launcher.jar,\
jfxrt.jar,nashorn.jar
Tested with Tomcat 7.0.28 and Oracle JDK 8_25 on Debian 7.6.
回答2:
This was a Tomcat bug that resurfaced again with the Java 9 bytecode. The exact versions which fix this (for both Java 8/9 bytecode) are:
- trunk for 9.0.0.M18 onwards
- 8.5.x for 8.5.12 onwards
- 8.0.x for 8.0.42 onwards
- 7.0.x for 7.0.76 onwards
回答3:
Update to Tomcat 7.0.58 (or newer).
See: https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=57173#c16
The performance improvement that triggered this regression has been reverted from from trunk, 8.0.x (for 8.0.16 onwards) and 7.0.x (for 7.0.58 onwards) and will not be reapplied.
回答4:
This issue is happening because you have installed jre1.8.0_101-1.8.0_101-fcs.i58.rpm as well jdk-1.7.0_80-fcs.x86_64.rpm. so just uninstall your jre rpm & restart your application. It should work out.
回答5:
To me, upgrading bcel to 6.0 fixed the problem.
回答6:
I faced this issue with tomcat 7 + jdk 1.8
with java 1.7 and lower versions it's working fine.
window -> preferences -> java -> installed jre
in my case I changed jre1.8 to JDK 1.7
and accordingly modify project facet , select same java version as it's there in selected Installed JRE.
回答7:
I got similar error (org.aspectj.apache.bcel.classfile.ClassFormatException: Invalid byte tag in constant pool: 15) while using aspectj 1.8.13. Solution was to align all compilation into jdk 8 and being careful not to put aspectj library's (1.6.13 for instance) other versions to buildpath/classpath.
回答8:
For me it worked, by removing the jars in question from the war. With Maven, I just had to exclude for example
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jboss.resteasy</groupId>
<artifactId>resteasy-jaxb-provider</artifactId>
<version>${resteasy.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>com.sun.istack</groupId>
<artifactId>istack-commons-runtime</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.jvnet.staxex</groupId>
<artifactId>stax-ex</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jaxb</groupId>
<artifactId>txw2</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>com.sun.xml.fastinfoset</groupId>
<artifactId>FastInfoset</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23541532/org-apache-tomcat-util-bcel-classfile-classformatexception-invalid-byte-tag-in