Python: Extract using tarfile but ignoring directories

问题

If I have a .tar file with a file '/path/to/file.txt', is there a way (in Python) to extract the file to a specified directory without recreating the directory '/path/to'?

回答1:

I meet this problem as well, and list the complete example based on ekhumoro's answer

import os, tarfile
output_dir = "."
tar = tarfile.open(tar_file)
for member in tar.getmembers():
  if member.isreg():  # skip if the TarInfo is not files
    member.name = os.path.basename(member.name) # remove the path by reset it
    tar.extract(member,output_dir) # extract

回答2:

The data attributes of a TarInfo object are writable. So just change the name to whatever you want and then extract it:

import sys, os, tarfile

args = sys.argv[1:]
tar = tarfile.open(args[0])
member = tar.getmember(args[1])
member.name = os.path.basename(member.name)
path = args[2] if len(args) > 2 else ''
tar.extract(member, path)

回答3:

As per the tarfile module, you can do that easily. I haven't checked it out yet.

TarFile.extract(member, path="")

Documentation:

Extract a member from the archive to the current working directory, using its full name. Its file information is extracted as accurately as possible. member may be a filename or a TarInfo object. You can specify a different directory using path.

So you should be able to do

TarFile.extract(member, path=".")

See the full documentation at : http://docs.python.org/library/tarfile.html

回答4:

You could use TarFile.extractfile(member) to extract a specific file.

It returns a filelike object (typical Python) which you can then use to write the contents to a file on any location you want.

回答5:

In case you want only certain kind of files (like .xml or .html), you can check the item.name.endswith('xml'). Just to match the previous examples:

import os, tarfile
tarfilename = <your_tar_file>
exitfolder = "." #your path

tar = tarfile.open(tar_file, 'r:gz') # open a .tar.gz file i.e.
for item in tar:
  if item.name.endswith('xml'):  # getting only xml extensions
    item.name = os.path.basename(item.name) # remove the path
    tar.extract(item,exitfolder) # extract

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8405843/python-extract-using-tarfile-but-ignoring-directories

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python

tar