How to create derived classes from a base class using template programming in C++?

问题

I need to create a number of classes (more than 50) from a base class, where the only difference is in the names of the derived classes.

For example, my base class is defined as:

class BaseError : public std::exception
{
private:
    int osErrorCode;
    const std::string errorMsg;

public:
    int ec;
    BaseError () : std::exception(), errorMsg() {}

    BaseError (int errorCode, int osErrCode, const std::string& msg)
         : std::exception(), errorMsg(msg)
    {
       ec = errorCode;
       osErrorCode = osErrCode;
    }

    BaseError (const BaseError& other)
        : std::exception(other), errorMsg(other.errorMsg)
    {
        ec  = other.errorCode;
        osErrorCode = other.osErrorCode;
    }

    const std::string& errorMessage() const { return errorMsg; }

    virtual ~BaseError() throw(){}

}

I have to create a lot of derived classes from this base class each having its own constructors, copy constructor and the virtual destructor function, currently I am copying/pasting the code changing the names where necessary :

class FileError : public BaseError{
private:
    const std::string error_msg;

public:
    FileError () :BaseError(), error_msg() {}

    FileError (int errorCode, int osErrorCode, const std::string& errorMessage)
        :BaseError(errorCode, osErrorCode, errorMessage){}

    virtual ~FileError() throw(){}
};

Question: Is there some way to have these classes created using templates so the implementation is not repeated ?

回答1:

I suppose you want to create a class hierarchy so that you can use dynamic dispatch in your catch clauses (relying on the compiler to find out the correct type) to implement custom error handling. You could do this by keeping the BaseError class as it is and then adding a template class for which you then provide multiple instantiations. Consider this:

class BaseError : public std::exception
{
private:
    int osErrorCode;
    const std::string errorMsg;

public:
    int ec;
    BaseError () : std::exception(), errorMsg() {}

    BaseError (int errorCode, int osErrCode, const std::string& msg)
         : std::exception(), errorMsg(msg)
    {
       ec = errorCode;
       osErrorCode = osErrCode;
    }

    // ...
};

template <int T>
class ConcreteError : public BaseError {
public:
    ConcreteError () :BaseError(), error_msg() {}

    ConcreteError (int errorCode, int osErrorCode, const std::string& errorMessage)
        :BaseError(errorCode, osErrorCode, errorMessage){}
};

You can now set up a few type definitions:

typedef ConcreteError<0> FileError;
typedef ConcreteError<1> NetworkError;
typedef ConcreteError<2> DatabaseError;
// ...

You now have a hierarchy with three distinct error classes.

回答2:

If the implementations are identical, make an enum, and template on it.

enum error {
    file_error,
};
template<error e> class my_exception : public BaseError {
    ....
};
typedef my_exception<file_error> file_exception;

回答3:

If the implementation is exactly same, and you just want different name for each class, then simple typedef would do your job.

And if there is slight difference in implementation though not in interface, then you may probably need templates. Then consider also policy based design.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4428509/how-to-create-derived-classes-from-a-base-class-using-template-programming-in-c

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c++

templates

derived-class