I would like to have a more descriptive name (for discoverability) in the Microsoft app store, but use a shorter name for the app when it is installed. I have reserved both names. I am thinking I set the App Manifest to have the short name in the Application -> Display name, and the more descriptive, store name in Packaging -> Package display name, but I don't understand the way these two names are used so I'm just guessing. Before I try this with an actual submission, I'm wondering if someone already knows if this will work.
Yes, you're right. "Application -> Display name" used as a name of the app in the app list. "Visual Assets -> Short name" used as a name of the app on tiles on the start screen. "Packaging -> Package display name" used as a name in the Store. Its hint explicitly says "Specifies the app name that appears in the Store. When the package is uploaded to the Store, this name is replaced."
To make this answer a bit more useful: if you're planning to localize your app's name to different languages, you can do this by specifying path to string in .resw resources like this:
ms-resource:AppTitle
Just put it right to "Display name" field (or any other field mentioned above) and it will change title depending on the language. Although note that all localized names have to be reserved in the Store.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37631530/can-i-set-the-uwp-app-store-display-name-to-be-different-from-the-installed-app