一.RabbitMQ的介绍
RabbitMQ是消息中间件的一种,消息中间件即分布式系统中完成消息的发送和接收的基础软件.这些软件有很多,包括ActiveMQ(apache公司的),RocketMQ(阿里巴巴公司的,现已经转让给apache).
消息中间件的工作过程可以用生产者消费者模型来表示.即,生产者不断的向消息队列发送信息,而消费者从消息队列中消费信息.具体过程如下:

从上图可看出,对于消息队列来说,生产者,消息队列,消费者是最重要的三个概念,生产者发消息到消息队列中去,消费者监听指定的消息队列,并且当消息队列收到消息之后,接收消息队列传来的消息,并且给予相应的处理.消息队列常用于分布式系统之间互相信息的传递.
对于RabbitMQ来说,除了这三个基本模块以外,还添加了一个模块,即交换机(Exchange).它使得生产者和消息队列之间产生了隔离,生产者将消息发送给交换机,而交换机则根据调度策略把相应的消息转发给对应的消息队列.那么RabitMQ的工作流程如下所示:

紧接着说一下交换机.交换机的主要作用是接收相应的消息并且绑定到指定的队列.交换机有四种类型,分别为Direct,topic,headers,Fanout.
Direct是RabbitMQ默认的交换机模式,也是最简单的模式.即创建消息队列的时候,指定一个BindingKey.当发送者发送消息的时候,指定对应的Key.当Key和消息队列的BindingKey一致的时候,消息将会被发送到该消息队列中.
topic转发信息主要是依据通配符,队列和交换机的绑定主要是依据一种模式(通配符+字符串),而当发送消息的时候,只有指定的Key和该模式相匹配的时候,消息才会被发送到该消息队列中.
headers也是根据一个规则进行匹配,在消息队列和交换机绑定的时候会指定一组键值对规则,而发送消息的时候也会指定一组键值对规则,当两组键值对规则相匹配的时候,消息会被发送到匹配的消息队列中.
Fanout是路由广播的形式,将会把消息发给绑定它的全部队列,即便设置了key,也会被忽略.
二.项目工程的依赖
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<properties>
<java.version>1.7</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
<scope>true</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加springboot对amqp的支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
三、配置文件
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: 115.29.140.222
port: 5672
username: guest
password: guest
virtualHost: /
publisher-returns: true #开启发送失败退回
publisher-confirms: true #开启发送确认
listener:
direct:
prefetch: 1000
concurrency: 2000
max-concurrency: 5000
四、依次写rabbitmq的 Direct模式、top、Fanout的模式
(1)Direct模式:此模式是点对点模式,即:发送消息的队列名称和接收队列的名称一致,否则接收方接收不到消息;例: 发送者队列A 接收者只能接收A
Direct的配置:
@Configuration
public class DirectConfig {
@Bean
public Queue queueA() {
return new Queue("queueA");
}
@Bean
public Queue queueB() {
return new Queue("queueB");
}
@Bean
public Queue queueC() {
return new Queue("queueC");
}
}
(2) Direct 发送消息端
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class DirectSend {
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void send() {
for(int i=0;i<3;i++) {
if(i==0) {
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("queueA","a");
}else if(i==1) {
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("queueB","b");
} if(i==2) {
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("queueC","c");
}
}
}
}
(2) Direct 接收消息端
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class DirectReceiver {
@RabbitListener(queues="queueA")
public void processA(String str) {
System.out.println("processA"+str);
}
@RabbitListener(queues="queueB")
public void processB(String str) {
System.out.println("queueB"+str);
}
@RabbitListener(queues="queueC")
public void processC(String str) {
System.out.println("queueC"+str);
}
}
(3)测试
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import com.supers.system.SystemApp;
import com.supers.system.rabbitmq.DirectSend;
import com.supers.system.rabbitmq.FanoutSender;
import com.supers.system.rabbitmq.TopSend;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = SystemApp.class) //自己的启动类
public class RabbitMqHelloTest {
@Autowired
private DirectSend directSend;
@Test
public void directSend() throws Exception {
directSend.send();
}
}
(2)Fanout Exchange形式 : 需要配置队列Queue,再配置交换机(Exchange),再把队列按照相应的规则绑定到交换机上:
@Configuration
public class TopConfig {
@Bean(name="message")
public Queue queueMessage() {
return new Queue("topic.message");
}
@Bean(name="messages")
public Queue queueMessages() { //队列绑定的路由键规则
return new Queue("topic.messages");
}
//交换机
@Bean
public TopicExchange exchange() {
return new TopicExchange("exchange");
}
@Bean //将队列绑定此交换机上,路由的键是topic
Binding bindingExchangeMessage(@Qualifier("message") Queue queueMessage, TopicExchange exchange) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueMessage).to(exchange).with("topic.message"); //topic.message 路由键
}
@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeMessages(@Qualifier("messages") Queue queueMessages, TopicExchange exchange) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueMessages).to(exchange).with("topic.#");//*表示一个词,#表示零个或多个词
}
}
发送端的配置:
@Component
public class TopSend {
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void send() {
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange","topic.message","hello,topic.message");
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange","topic.messages","hello,topic.messages");
}
}
接收端的:
@Component
public class TopReceiver {
@RabbitListener(queues="topic.message")
public void process1(String str) {
System.out.println("message:"+str);
}
@RabbitListener(queues="topic.messages")
public void process2(String str) {
System.out.println("messages:"+str);
}
}
测试:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = SystemApp.class)
public class RabbitMqHelloTest {
@Autowired
private DirectSend directSend;
@Autowired
private TopSend topSend;
@Test
public void directSend() throws Exception {
directSend.send();
}
@Test
public void TopSend() throws Exception {
topSend.send();
}
}
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange","topic.message","hello,topic.message");
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange","topic.messages","hello,topic.messages");
方法的第一个参数是交换机名称,第二个参数是发送的key,第三个参数是发送的消息;由于messages的路由键的规则为topic.# ,所以messages队列可以接收到message的消息,#的意思匹配零个或多个;
Fanout Exchange: 广播式,们发送到路由器的消息会使得绑定到该路由器的每一个Queue接收到消息,发送端配置如下:
@Configuration
public class FanoutConfig {
@Bean(name="debugMessage")
public Queue debugMessage() {
return new Queue("fanout.debug");
}
@Bean(name="infoMessage")
public Queue infoMessage() {
return new Queue("fanout.info");
}
@Bean(name="WarnMessage")
public Queue WarnMessage() {
return new Queue("fanout.warn");
}
@Bean
FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {
return new FanoutExchange("fanoutExchange");//配置广播路由器
}
@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeDebug(@Qualifier("debugMessage") Queue debugMessage, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(debugMessage).to(fanoutExchange());
}
@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeInfo(@Qualifier("infoMessage") Queue infoMessage, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(infoMessage).to(fanoutExchange());
}
@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeWarn(@Qualifier("WarnMessage") Queue WarnMessage, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(WarnMessage).to(fanoutExchange());
}
}
发送端的代码
@Component
public class FanoutSender {
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void send() {
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("fanoutExchange","","abcdefg");
}
}
接收端的代码
@Component
public class FanoutReceiver {
@RabbitListener(queues="fanout.debug")
public void processA(String str1) {
System.out.println("ReceiveA:"+str1);
}
@RabbitListener(queues="fanout.info")
public void processB(String str) {
System.out.println("ReceiveB:"+str);
}
@RabbitListener(queues="fanout.warn")
public void processC(String str) {
System.out.println("ReceiveC:"+str);
}
}
测试:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = SystemApp.class)
public class RabbitMqHelloTest {
@Autowired
private DirectSend directSend;
@Autowired
private TopSend topSend;
@Autowired
FanoutSender fanoutSender;
@Test
public void directSend() throws Exception {
directSend.send();
}
@Test
public void TopSend() throws Exception {
topSend.send();
}
@Test
public void fanoutSend() throws Exception {
fanoutSender.send();
}
}
以上三种模式:top模式最为灵活