i have a problem when compile objective-c source code on windows platform. of course compile objective-c source code on windows platform , we usually using gnustep environment(gcc objecitve-c compiler . gnustep libojc dynamic library . gnustep foundation framework ... and so on).
but i want a clean environment try compiler objective-c , and use a different libobjc library.
since mac os x 10.6 . apple move macosx system to x86 platform(no ppc support any more) , AND REWRITE system application by cocoa tech.include iTunes.
and iTunes have windows version.
by searching system folders after install iTunes.i found any support dll file in:
C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Apple\Apple Application Support
by the way , my system is windows 7 x86_64.
i found it has:
ApplePushService.dll
AppleVersions.dll
APSDaemon_main.dll
ASL.dll
AVFoundationCF.dll
CFNetwork.dll
CoreAudioToolbox.dll
CoreFoundation.dll
CoreGraphics.dll
CoreMedia.dll
CoreText.dll
CoreVideo.dll
Foundation.dll
icudt46.dll
icuin40.dll
icuuc40.dll
JavaScriptCore.dll
libcache.dll
libdispatch.dll
libicuin.dll
libicuuc.dll
libtidy.dll
libxml2.dll
libxslt.dll
MediaToolbox.dll
objc.dll
pthreadVC2.dll
QTMovieWin.dll
QuartzCore.dll
SQLite3.dll
VideoToolbox.dll
WebKit.dll
WebKitQuartzCoreAdditions.dll
YSCrashDump.dll
YSUtilities.dll
zlib1.dll
look like , apple implement these low level framework to windows platform.
CFNetwork.framework -> CFNetwork.dll
CoreGraphics.framework -> CoreGraphics.dll
Foundation.framework -> Foundation.dll
libobjc.a.dylib -> objc.dll
WebKit.framework -> WebKit.dll
so , i think using apple's libobjc release version is better(iTunes is running well).the others library file is useful too.
i want build a learnning environment for objective-c beginner people(my class mates and i).
so i copy objc.dll and rename it to libobjc.dll
using mingw tool "pexports" export libobjc.dll 's def to libobjc.def then using visual studio command tool "lib.exe" convert .def file to libobjc.lib.
then i download
- mingw64's x86(32 bit) compilers dng precompiled package.
- mingw64's clang+llvm(32 bit) compilers dng precompiled package.
- mingw64's msys environment precompiled package.
install these 3 package to system. then copy libobjc.dll,libobjc.lib to /lib (on windows platform , .a and .lib using same bin format).
then i wrote a sample objective-c source code.code is here: file:test.m
#import <stdio.h>
@interface Foo {
int count;
}
+ (void)fooWithBar;
@end
@implementation Foo
+ (void)fooWithBar {
printf("abc");
}
@end
int main(){
[Foo fooWithBar];
return 0;
}
simply compile it:
clang test.m
error happen, then using -v options show detail:
clang version 3.1 (branches/release_31)
Target: i686-w64-mingw32
Thread model: posix
"c:/mingw64w32/bin/clang.exe" -cc1 -triple i686-w64-mingw32 -S -disable-free -main-file-name test.m -mrelocation-model static -mdisable-fp-elim -mconstructor-aliases -target-cpu pentium4 -target-linker-version 2.20.51.0.2 -momit-leaf-frame-pointer -v -resource-dir "c:/mingw64w32/bin\\..\\lib\\clang\\3.1" -fmodule-cache-path "C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp\\clang-module-cache" -fno-dwarf-directory-asm -fdebug-compilation-dir C:/MINGW64-X86-MSYS-20111123/home/Joe -ferror-limit 19 -fmessage-length 0 -mstackrealign -fno-use-cxa-atexit -fgnu-runtime -fobjc-runtime-has-arc -fobjc-runtime-has-weak -fobjc-fragile-abi -fobjc-exceptions -fdiagnostics-show-option -o C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-709512.s -x objective-c test.m
clang -cc1 version 3.1 based upon LLVM 3.1 default target i686-w64-mingw32
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/clang/3.1/../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/mingw/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "c:/mingw/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/clang/3.1/include
c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/clang/3.1/../../../i686-w64-mingw32/include
c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/clang/3.1/../../../include
End of search list.
"c:/mingw64w32/bin/i686-w64-mingw32-gcc.exe" -v -c -o C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-709513.o -x assembler C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-709512.s
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=c:/mingw64w32/bin/i686-w64-mingw32-gcc.exe
Target: i686-w64-mingw32
Configured with: /home/drangon/work/mingw-w64-dgn_32/source/gcc/configure --host=i686-w64-mingw32 --target=i686-w64-mingw32 --disable-nls --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++ --with-gmp=/home/drangon/work/mingw-w64-dgn_32/build/for_target --enable-twoprocess --disable-libstdcxx-pch --disable-win32-registry --prefix=/home/drangon/work/mingw-w64-dgn_32/target --with-sysroot=/home/drangon/work/mingw-w64-dgn_32/target
Thread model: win32
gcc version 4.7.2 20120823 (prerelease) (GCC)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-c' '-o' 'C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-709513.o' '-mtune=generic' '-march=pentiumpro'
c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/bin/as.exe -v -o C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-709513.o C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-709512.s
GNU assembler version 2.23.51 (i686-w64-mingw32) using BFD version (GNU Binutils) 2.23.51.20120823
COMPILER_PATH=c:/mingw64w32/bin/../libexec/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/;c:/mingw64w32/bin/../libexec/gcc/;c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/bin/
LIBRARY_PATH=c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/;c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/;c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib/;c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/../../../../lib/;c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/lib/;c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/../../../
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-c' '-o' 'C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-709513.o' '-mtune=generic' '-march=pentiumpro'
"c:/mingw64w32/bin/i686-w64-mingw32-gcc.exe" -v -o a.out C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-709513.o
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=c:/mingw64w32/bin/i686-w64-mingw32-gcc.exe
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=c:/mingw64w32/bin/../libexec/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/lto-wrapper.exe
Target: i686-w64-mingw32
Configured with: /home/drangon/work/mingw-w64-dgn_32/source/gcc/configure --host=i686-w64-mingw32 --target=i686-w64-mingw32 --disable-nls --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++ --with-gmp=/home/drangon/work/mingw-w64-dgn_32/build/for_target --enable-twoprocess --disable-libstdcxx-pch --disable-win32-registry --prefix=/home/drangon/work/mingw-w64-dgn_32/target --with-sysroot=/home/drangon/work/mingw-w64-dgn_32/target
Thread model: win32
gcc version 4.7.2 20120823 (prerelease) (GCC)
COMPILER_PATH=c:/mingw64w32/bin/../libexec/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/;c:/mingw64w32/bin/../libexec/gcc/;c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/bin/
LIBRARY_PATH=c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/;c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/;c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib/;c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/../../../../lib/;c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/lib/;c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/../../../
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-o' 'a.out' '-mtune=generic' '-march=pentiumpro'
c:/mingw64w32/bin/../libexec/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/collect2.exe --sysroot=/home/drangon/work/mingw-w64-dgn_32/target -m i386pe -Bdynamic -o a.out c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib/crt2.o c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/crtbegin.o -Lc:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2 -Lc:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc -Lc:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib -Lc:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/../../../../lib -Lc:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/lib -Lc:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/../../.. C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-709513.o -lmingw32 -lgcc_eh -lgcc -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt -ladvapi32 -lshell32 -luser32 -lkernel32 -lmingw32 -lgcc_eh -lgcc -lmoldname -lmingwex -lmsvcrt c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/crtend.o
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-709513.o:fake:(.text+0x4d): undefined reference to `objc_lookup_class'
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-709513.o:fake:(.text+0x62): undefined reference to `objc_msg_lookup'
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-709513.o:fake:(.text+0x9e): undefined reference to `__objc_exec_class'
c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-709513.o: bad reloc address 0x14 in section `.data'
c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: final link failed: Invalid operation
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
clang: error: linker (via gcc) command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
by google searching , i found objc_lookup_class is a method defined in gnustep's libobjc library.and in apple's libojbc.dll 's .def file:"libojbc.def" , i found another method named "objc_lookUpClass". google searching again.so, apple's libojbc are different with gnustep's libobjc. apple's libojbc using NextStep library interface.gnustep made a different one.
man gcc
gcc have two options about this.
-fgnu-runtime . that's gcc's default options,using gnu style runtime.-fnext-runtime , this using nextstep(now it's apple) style running.
so i pass nextstep style option to clang(or gcc?).
clang -fnext-runtime
compile .o to .s with no error.seem like ld.exe finds all method it need from apple's libobjc library file.but another error happen,with -v options,here are detail:
clang version 3.1 (branches/release_31)
Target: i686-w64-mingw32
Thread model: posix
"c:/mingw64w32/bin/clang.exe" -cc1 -triple i686-w64-mingw32 -S -disable-free -main-file-name test.m -mrelocation-model static -mdisable-fp-elim -mconstructor-aliases -target-cpu pentium4 -target-linker-version 2.20.51.0.2 -momit-leaf-frame-pointer -v -resource-dir "c:/mingw64w32/bin\\..\\lib\\clang\\3.1" -fmodule-cache-path "C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp\\clang-module-cache" -fno-dwarf-directory-asm -fdebug-compilation-dir C:/MINGW64-X86-MSYS-20111123/home/Joe -ferror-limit 19 -fmessage-length 0 -mstackrealign -fno-use-cxa-atexit -fobjc-fragile-abi -fobjc-exceptions -fdiagnostics-show-option -o C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s -x objective-c test.m
clang -cc1 version 3.1 based upon LLVM 3.1 default target i686-w64-mingw32
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/clang/3.1/../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/mingw/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "c:/mingw/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/clang/3.1/include
c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/clang/3.1/../../../i686-w64-mingw32/include
c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/clang/3.1/../../../include
End of search list.
"c:/mingw64w32/bin/i686-w64-mingw32-gcc.exe" -fnext-runtime -v -c -o C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467379.o -x assembler C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=c:/mingw64w32/bin/i686-w64-mingw32-gcc.exe
Target: i686-w64-mingw32
Configured with: /home/drangon/work/mingw-w64-dgn_32/source/gcc/configure --host=i686-w64-mingw32 --target=i686-w64-mingw32 --disable-nls --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++ --with-gmp=/home/drangon/work/mingw-w64-dgn_32/build/for_target --enable-twoprocess --disable-libstdcxx-pch --disable-win32-registry --prefix=/home/drangon/work/mingw-w64-dgn_32/target --with-sysroot=/home/drangon/work/mingw-w64-dgn_32/target
Thread model: win32
gcc version 4.7.2 20120823 (prerelease) (GCC)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-fnext-runtime' '-v' '-c' '-o' 'C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467379.o' '-mtune=generic' '-march=pentiumpro'
c:/mingw64w32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.7.2/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/bin/as.exe -v -o C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467379.o C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s
GNU assembler version 2.23.51 (i686-w64-mingw32) using BFD version (GNU Binutils) 2.23.51.20120823
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s: Assembler messages:
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s:4: Error: unknown pseudo-op: `.lazy_reference'
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s:57: Error: bad or irreducible absolute expression
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s:57: Error: junk at end of line, first unrecognized character is `,'
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s:67: Error: bad or irreducible absolute expression
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s:67: Error: junk at end of line, first unrecognized character is `,'
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s:76: Error: bad or irreducible absolute expression
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s:76: Error: junk at end of line, first unrecognized character is `,'
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s:92: Error: bad or irreducible absolute expression
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s:92: Error: junk at end of line, first unrecognized character is `,'
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s:99: Error: bad or irreducible absolute expression
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s:99: Error: junk at end of line, first unrecognized character is `,'
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s:107: Error: bad or irreducible absolute expression
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s:107: Error: junk at end of line, first unrecognized character is `,'
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s:123: Error: bad or irreducible absolute expression
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s:123: Error: junk at end of line, first unrecognized character is `,'
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s:128: Error: bad or irreducible absolute expression
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s:128: Error: junk at end of line, first unrecognized character is `,'
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s:133: Error: bad or irreducible absolute expression
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s:133: Error: junk at end of line, first unrecognized character is `,'
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s:137: Error: bad or irreducible absolute expression
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s:137: Error: junk at end of line, first unrecognized character is `,'
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s:146: Error: bad or irreducible absolute expression
C:/Users/Joe/AppData/Local/Temp/test-467378.s:146: Error: junk at end of line, first unrecognized character is `,'
clang: error: assembler (via gcc) command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
i don't know Assembler language.but seem like Assembler app couldn't understand this .s file. so i using -S option to keep .s files.one is clang with -fgnu-runtime . other is clang with -fnext-runtime.
//test.s ,clang with -fgnu-runtime option
.def __c_Foo__fooWithBar;
.scl 3;
.type 32;
.endef
.text
.align 16, 0x90
__c_Foo__fooWithBar:
pushl %ebp
movl %esp, %ebp
subl $16, %esp
movl 12(%ebp), %eax
movl 8(%ebp), %ecx
leal L_.str, %edx
movl %ecx, -4(%ebp)
movl %eax, -8(%ebp)
movl %edx, (%esp)
calll _printf
movl %eax, -12(%ebp)
addl $16, %esp
popl %ebp
ret
.def _main;
.scl 2;
.type 32;
.endef
.globl _main
.align 16, 0x90
_main:
pushl %ebp
movl %esp, %ebp
pushl %esi
subl $20, %esp
calll ___main
leal L_.class_name, %eax
movl $0, -8(%ebp)
movl %eax, (%esp)
calll _objc_lookup_class
leal _.objc_selector_list, %ecx
movl %eax, (%esp)
movl %ecx, 4(%esp)
movl %eax, -12(%ebp)
calll _objc_msg_lookup
movl $0, %ecx
leal _.objc_selector_list, %edx
movl -12(%ebp), %esi
movl %esi, (%esp)
movl %edx, 4(%esp)
movl %ecx, -16(%ebp)
calll *%eax
movl -16(%ebp), %eax
addl $20, %esp
popl %esi
popl %ebp
ret
.def _.objc_load_function;
.scl 3;
.type 32;
.endef
.align 16, 0x90
_.objc_load_function:
.cfi_startproc
pushl %ebp
Ltmp2:
.cfi_def_cfa_offset 8
Ltmp3:
.cfi_offset %ebp, -8
movl %esp, %ebp
Ltmp4:
.cfi_def_cfa_register %ebp
pushl %eax
leal ___unnamed_1, %eax
movl %eax, (%esp)
calll ___objc_exec_class
addl $4, %esp
popl %ebp
ret
.cfi_endproc
.data
L_.str:
.asciz "abc"
.globl ___objc_class_name_Foo
.align 4
___objc_class_name_Foo:
.long 0
L___unnamed_2:
.asciz "count"
L___unnamed_3:
.asciz "i"
.globl ___objc_ivar_offset_value_Foo.count
.align 4
___objc_ivar_offset_value_Foo.count:
.long 0
.align 4
_.ivar.offsets:
.long ___objc_ivar_offset_value_Foo.count
.lcomm _.objc_property_list,8,8
L___unnamed_4:
.asciz "v8@0:4"
L___unnamed_5:
.asciz "fooWithBar"
.align 16
_.objc_method_list:
.long 0
.long 1
.long L___unnamed_5
.long L___unnamed_4
.long __c_Foo__fooWithBar
.align 8
_.objc_ivar_list:
.long 1
.long L___unnamed_2
.long L___unnamed_3
.long 0
.globl ___objc_ivar_offset_Foo.count
.align 4
___objc_ivar_offset_Foo.count:
.long _.objc_ivar_list+12
L_.class_name:
.asciz "Foo"
.globl __OBJC_METACLASS_Foo
.align 16
__OBJC_METACLASS_Foo:
.long 0
.long 0
.long L_.class_name
.long 0
.long 18
.long 72
.long 0
.long _.objc_method_list
.long 0
.long 0
.long 0
.long 0
.long 0
.long 1
.long 0
.long 0
.long 0
.long 0
.lcomm _.objc_protocol_list,8,8
.globl __OBJC_CLASS_Foo
.align 16
__OBJC_CLASS_Foo:
.long __OBJC_METACLASS_Foo
.long 0
.long L_.class_name
.long 0
.long 17
.long 4
.long _.objc_ivar_list
.long 0
.long 0
.long 0
.long 0
.long _.objc_protocol_list
.long 0
.long 1
.long _.ivar.offsets
.long _.objc_property_list
.long 1
.long 1
.section .rdata$__objc_class_ref_Foo,"r"
.linkonce discard
.globl ___objc_class_ref_Foo
.align 4
___objc_class_ref_Foo:
.long ___objc_class_name_Foo
.data
L___unnamed_6:
.asciz "AnotherHack"
L___unnamed_7:
.asciz "__ObjC_Protocol_Holder_Ugly_Hack"
.lcomm _.objc_protocol_list1,8,8
.align 16
___unnamed_8:
.long L___unnamed_6
.long L___unnamed_7
.long 0
.long 0
.long _.objc_protocol_list1
.section .rdata$.objc_sel_namefooWithBar,"r"
.linkonce discard
.globl _.objc_sel_namefooWithBar
_.objc_sel_namefooWithBar:
.asciz "fooWithBar"
.data
.align 8
_.objc_selector_list:
.long _.objc_sel_namefooWithBar
.long L___unnamed_4
.zero 8
.align 16
___unnamed_9:
.long 1
.long _.objc_selector_list
.short 1
.short 1
.long __OBJC_CLASS_Foo
.long ___unnamed_8
.long 0
.long 0
L_.objc_source_file_name:
.asciz "./test.m"
.align 8
___unnamed_1:
.long 8
.long 16
.long L_.objc_source_file_name
.long ___unnamed_9
.section .ctors,"w"
.align 4
.long _.objc_load_function
//test.s ,clang with -fnext-runtime option
.objc_class_name_Foo=0
.globl .objc_class_name_Foo
.lazy_reference .objc_class_name_Foo
.def _2B__5B_Foo_20_fooWithBar_5D_;
.scl 3;
.type 32;
.endef
.text
.align 16, 0x90
_2B__5B_Foo_20_fooWithBar_5D_:
pushl %ebp
movl %esp, %ebp
subl $16, %esp
movl 12(%ebp), %eax
movl 8(%ebp), %ecx
leal L_.str, %edx
movl %ecx, -4(%ebp)
movl %eax, -8(%ebp)
movl %edx, (%esp)
calll _printf
movl %eax, -12(%ebp)
addl $16, %esp
popl %ebp
ret
.def _main;
.scl 2;
.type 32;
.endef
.globl _main
.align 16, 0x90
_main:
pushl %ebp
movl %esp, %ebp
subl $16, %esp
calll ___main
movl $0, %eax
movl $0, -4(%ebp)
movl L_OBJC_CLASS_REFERENCES_, %ecx
movl L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_, %edx
movl %ecx, (%esp)
movl %edx, 4(%esp)
movl %eax, -8(%ebp)
calll _objc_msgSend
movl -8(%ebp), %eax
addl $16, %esp
popl %ebp
ret
.data
L_.str:
.asciz "abc"
.section __TEXT,__cstring,cstring_literals,"w"
L_OBJC_METH_VAR_NAME_:
.asciz "fooWithBar"
L_OBJC_METH_VAR_TYPE_:
.asciz "v8@0:4"
L_OBJC_CLASS_NAME_:
.asciz "Foo"
.section __OBJC,__cls_meth,regular,no_dead_strip,"w"
.align 4
L_OBJC_CLASS_METHODS_Foo:
.long 0
.long 1
.long L_OBJC_METH_VAR_NAME_
.long L_OBJC_METH_VAR_TYPE_
.long _2B__5B_Foo_20_fooWithBar_5D_
.section __OBJC,__meta_class,regular,no_dead_strip,"w"
.align 4
L_OBJC_METACLASS_Foo:
.long L_OBJC_CLASS_NAME_
.long 0
.long L_OBJC_CLASS_NAME_
.long 0
.long 2
.long 48
.long 0
.long L_OBJC_CLASS_METHODS_Foo
.long 0
.long 0
.long 0
.long 0
.section __TEXT,__cstring,cstring_literals,"w"
L_OBJC_METH_VAR_NAME_1:
.asciz "count"
L_OBJC_METH_VAR_TYPE_2:
.asciz "i"
.section __OBJC,__instance_vars,regular,no_dead_strip,"w"
.align 4
L_OBJC_INSTANCE_VARIABLES_Foo:
.long 1
.long L_OBJC_METH_VAR_NAME_1
.long L_OBJC_METH_VAR_TYPE_2
.long 0
.section __OBJC,__class,regular,no_dead_strip,"w"
.align 4
L_OBJC_CLASS_Foo:
.long L_OBJC_METACLASS_Foo
.long 0
.long L_OBJC_CLASS_NAME_
.long 0
.long 1
.long 4
.long L_OBJC_INSTANCE_VARIABLES_Foo
.long 0
.long 0
.long 0
.long 0
.long 0
.section __OBJC,__cls_refs,literal_pointers,no_dead_strip,"w"
.align 4
L_OBJC_CLASS_REFERENCES_:
.long L_OBJC_CLASS_NAME_
.section __OBJC,__message_refs,literal_pointers,no_dead_strip,"w"
.align 4
L_OBJC_SELECTOR_REFERENCES_:
.long L_OBJC_METH_VAR_NAME_
.section __TEXT,__cstring,cstring_literals,"w"
L_OBJC_CLASS_NAME_3:
.zero 1
.section __OBJC,__symbols,regular,no_dead_strip,"w"
.align 4
L_OBJC_SYMBOLS:
.long 0
.long 0
.short 1
.short 0
.long L_OBJC_CLASS_Foo
.section __OBJC,__module_info,regular,no_dead_strip,"w"
.align 4
L_OBJC_MODULES:
.long 7
.long 16
.long L_OBJC_CLASS_NAME_3
.long L_OBJC_SYMBOLS
i believe the key issues is from the .s file create way.
anyone can help me fix this problem? althrough using these .dll file could not create application for business.
but by using these .dll , we could build a greate cocoa learnning environment on window platform. all framework's windows version is more stable and useful than gnustep.
thanks.
Well, first of all this is in violation of the iTunes EULA, so whether commercial or not you're not supposed to do it.
Second problem is that -fnext-runtime in clang/gcc only functions on Darwin, it is missing assorted bits and pieces for Windows and other operating systems. I'd (educated) guess and assume -fgnu-runtime is useless for linking against Apple's own frameworks.
As you can see -fnext-runtime is emitting Darwin specific assembler command, e.g. .lazy_reference, on Windows, not a great start.
This has been the situation with -fnext-runtime in gcc and now clang for quite a long time, no one maintains -fnext-runtime in the mainlines for non-Darwin systems.
My rough understanding is that Apple actually does not use clang directly on Windows, they rewrite the Objective-C into C and use Visual Studio to compile for Windows.
You can either start doing some serious hacking on clang, or don't bother.
I tried to do exactly the same as you have recently, and I found similar results. The core (technical, not legal) issue is that -fnext-runtime isn't supported on Windows and probably won't ever be supported. I will get to -fgnu-runtime in a moment.
No matter how basic an Objective-C program you write on Windows you will always end up with unresolved references. Looking inside the .dll files you will find that they simply do not contain some of the core methods required to link an Objective-C program compiled with Clang on Windows. (If memory serves I was able to compile a program that had only 2 unresolved references as a minimum).
So on the basis that -fnext-runtime is not supported, you can try -fgnu-runtime with GCC. Of course, you lose compatibility with all Apple's libraries, but you do get working Objective-C programs on Windows. GCC recently upgraded their Objective-C runtime to work almost identically to Apple's Objective-C runtime so compatibility is now much less of an issue.
Again, you don't get Apple's libraries, you'd have to write them yourself (any takers?) but the runtime works in the same way. It takes a bit of working to make your own NSObject (looking at Apple's implementation helps though) and Constant String @"..." object but once you have them, you can build up your own Windows-compatible Objective-C framework. From experience I can tell you that it is definitely possible.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12900596/how-to-compile-objective-c-source-code-with-clang-in-mingw64-x86-via-apple-libob