I'm in a phase of learning RabbitMQ/AMQP from the RabbitMQ documentation. Something that is not clear to me that I wanted to ask those who have hands-on experience. I want to have multiple consumers listening to the same queue in order to balance the work load. What I need is pretty much close to the "Work Queues" example in the RabbitMQ tutorial. I want the consumer to acknowledge message explicitly after it finishes handling it to preserve the message and delegate it to another consumer in case of crash. Handling a message may take a while. My question is whether AMQP postpones next message processing until the previous message is ack'ed? If so how do I achieve load balancing between multiple workers and guarantee no messages get lost?
No, the other consumers don't get blocked. Other messages will get delivered even if they have unacknowledged but delivered predecessors. If a channel closes while holding unacknowledged messages, those messages get returned to the queue.
Messages can be returned to the queue using AMQP methods that feature a requeue parameter (basic.recover, basic.reject and basic.nack), or due to a channel closing while holding unacknowledged messages.
EDIT In response to your comment:
Time to dive a little deeper into the AMQP specification then perhaps:
3.1.4 Message Queues
A message queue is a named FIFO buffer that holds message on behalf of a set of consumer applications. Applications can freely create, share, use, and destroy message queues, within the limits of their authority. Note that in the presence of multiple readers from a queue, or client transactions, or use of priority fields, or use of message selectors, or implementation-specific delivery optimisations the queue MAY NOT exhibit true FIFO characteristics. The only way to guarantee FIFO is to have just one consumer connected to a queue. The queue may be described as “weak-FIFO” in these cases. [...]
3.1.8 Acknowledgements
An acknowledgement is a formal signal from the client application to a message queue that it has successfully processed a message.[...]
So acknowledgement confirms processing, not receipt. The broker will hold on to the message until it's gotten acknowleged, so that it can redeliver them. But it is free to deliver more messages to consumers even if the prededing messages have not yet been acknowledged. The consumers will not be blocked.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17841843/rabbitmq-does-one-consumer-block-the-other-consumers-of-the-same-queue