由于我有时遇到路径问题，其中一个我自己的cmd脚本被另一个程序隐藏（阴影）（在路径的前面），我希望能够在Windows命令行上找到程序的完整路径，给定只是它的名字。
有没有相当于UNIX命令'哪个'？
在UNIX上， which command打印给定命令的完整路径，以便轻松查找和修复这些阴影问题。
#1楼
在Windows PowerShell中：
set-alias which where.exe
#2楼
从这里获取unxutils： http ： //sourceforge.net/projects/unxutils/
Windows平台上的黄金，将所有漂亮的unix实用程序放在标准的Windows DOS上。 多年来一直在使用它。
它有一个'包括'。 请注意，它虽然区分大小写。
注意：安装它会在某处爆炸zip并将... \\ UnxUtils \\ usr \\ local \\ wbin \\添加到系统路径env变量中。
#3楼
如果你能找到一个免费的Pascal编译器，你可以编译它。 至少它工作并显示必要的算法。
program Whence (input, output);
Uses Dos, my_funk;
Const program_version = '1.00';
program_date = '17 March 1994';
VAR path_str : string;
command_name : NameStr;
command_extension : ExtStr;
command_directory : DirStr;
search_dir : DirStr;
result : DirStr;
procedure Check_for (file_name : string);
{ Check existence of the passed parameter. If exists, then state so }
{ and exit. }
begin
if Fsearch(file_name, '') <> '' then
begin
WriteLn('DOS command = ', Fexpand(file_name));
Halt(0); { structured ? whaddayamean structured ? }
end;
end;
function Get_next_dir : DirStr;
{ Returns the next directory from the path variable, truncating the }
{ variable every time. Implicit input (but not passed as parameter) }
{ is, therefore, path_str }
var semic_pos : Byte;
begin
semic_pos := Pos(';', path_str);
if (semic_pos = 0) then
begin
Get_next_dir := '';
Exit;
end;
result := Copy(Path_str, 1, (semic_pos - 1)); { return result }
{ Hmm! although *I* never reference a Root drive (my directory tree) }
{ is 1/2 way structured), some network logon software which I run }
{ does (it adds Z:\ to the path). This means that I have to allow }
{ path entries with & without a terminating backslash. I'll delete }
{ anysuch here since I always add one in the main program below. }
if (Copy(result, (Length(result)), 1) = '\') then
Delete(result, Length(result), 1);
path_str := Copy(path_str,(semic_pos + 1),
(length(path_str) - semic_pos));
Get_next_dir := result;
end; { Of function get_next_dir }
begin
{ The following is a kludge which makes the function Get_next_dir easier }
{ to implement. By appending a semi-colon to the end of the path }
{ Get_next_dir doesn't need to handle the special case of the last entry }
{ which normally doesn't have a semic afterwards. It may be a kludge, }
{ but it's a documented kludge (you might even call it a refinement). }
path_str := GetEnv('Path') + ';';
if (paramCount = 0) then
begin
WriteLn('Whence: V', program_version, ' from ', program_date);
Writeln;
WriteLn('Usage: WHENCE command[.extension]');
WriteLn;
WriteLn('Whence is a ''find file''type utility witha difference');
Writeln('There are are already more than enough of those :-)');
Write ('Use Whence when you''re not sure where a command which you ');
WriteLn('want to invoke');
WriteLn('actually resides.');
Write ('If you intend to invoke the command with an extension e.g ');
Writeln('"my_cmd.exe param"');
Write ('then invoke Whence with the same extension e.g ');
WriteLn('"Whence my_cmd.exe"');
Write ('otherwise a simple "Whence my_cmd" will suffice; Whence will ');
Write ('then search the current directory and each directory in the ');
Write ('for My_cmd.com, then My_cmd.exe and lastly for my_cmd.bat, ');
Write ('just as DOS does');
Halt(0);
end;
Fsplit(paramStr(1), command_directory, command_name, command_extension);
if (command_directory <> '') then
begin
WriteLn('directory detected *', command_directory, '*');
Halt(0);
end;
if (command_extension <> '') then
begin
path_str := Fsearch(paramstr(1), ''); { Current directory }
if (path_str <> '') then WriteLn('Dos command = "', Fexpand(path_str), '"')
else
begin
path_str := Fsearch(paramstr(1), GetEnv('path'));
if (path_str <> '') then WriteLn('Dos command = "', Fexpand(path_str), '"')
else Writeln('command not found in path.');
end;
end
else
begin
{ O.K, the way it works, DOS looks for a command firstly in the current }
{ directory, then in each directory in the Path. If no extension is }
{ given and several commands of the same name exist, then .COM has }
{ priority over .EXE, has priority over .BAT }
Check_for(paramstr(1) + '.com'); { won't return if file is found }
Check_for(paramstr(1) + '.exe');
Check_for(paramstr(1) + '.bat');
{ Not in current directory, search through path ... }
search_dir := Get_next_dir;
while (search_dir <> '') do
begin
Check_for(search_dir + '\' + paramstr(1) + '.com');
Check_for(search_dir + '\' + paramstr(1) + '.exe');
Check_for(search_dir + '\' + paramstr(1) + '.bat');
search_dir := Get_next_dir;
end;
WriteLn('DOS command not found: ', paramstr(1));
end;
end.
#4楼
在PowerShell下， Get-Command将在$Env:PATH任何位置找到可执行文件。
Get-Command eventvwr
CommandType Name Definition
----------- ---- ----------
Application eventvwr.exe c:\windows\system32\eventvwr.exe
Application eventvwr.msc c:\windows\system32\eventvwr.msc
它还可以找到PowerShell cmdlet，函数，别名，带有自定义可执行文件扩展名的文件，通过$Env:PATHEXT等为当前shell定义（非常类似于Bash的type -a foo ） - 使其成为比其他工具更好的选择where.exe ， which.exe等不知道这些PowerShell命令。
仅使用部分名称查找可执行文件
gcm *disk*
CommandType Name Version Source
----------- ---- ------- ------
Alias Disable-PhysicalDiskIndication 2.0.0.0 Storage
Alias Enable-PhysicalDiskIndication 2.0.0.0 Storage
Function Add-PhysicalDisk 2.0.0.0 Storage
Function Add-VirtualDiskToMaskingSet 2.0.0.0 Storage
Function Clear-Disk 2.0.0.0 Storage
Cmdlet Get-PmemDisk 1.0.0.0 PersistentMemory
Cmdlet New-PmemDisk 1.0.0.0 PersistentMemory
Cmdlet Remove-PmemDisk 1.0.0.0 PersistentMemory
Application diskmgmt.msc 0.0.0.0 C:\WINDOWS\system32\diskmgmt.msc
Application diskpart.exe 10.0.17... C:\WINDOWS\system32\diskpart.exe
Application diskperf.exe 10.0.17... C:\WINDOWS\system32\diskperf.exe
Application diskraid.exe 10.0.17... C:\WINDOWS\system32\diskraid.exe
...
查找自定义可执行文件
要查找其他非Windows可执行文件（python，ruby，perl等），需要将这些可执行文件的文件扩展名添加到PATHEXT环境变量中（默认为.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC;.CPL ）将PATH具有这些扩展名的文件标识为可执行文件。 由于Get-Command也支持此变量，因此可以将其扩展为列出自定义可执行文件。 例如
$Env:PATHEXT="$Env:PATHEXT;.dll;.ps1;.psm1;.py" # temporary assignment, only for this shell's process
gcm user32,kernel32,*WASM*,*http*py
CommandType Name Version Source
----------- ---- ------- ------
ExternalScript Invoke-WASMProfiler.ps1 C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Invoke-WASMProfiler.ps1
Application http-server.py 0.0.0.0 C:\Users\ME\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps\http-server.py
Application kernel32.dll 10.0.17... C:\WINDOWS\system32\kernel32.dll
Application user32.dll 10.0.17... C:\WINDOWS\system32\user32.dll
你可以快速设置一个带有sal which gcm的别名sal which gcm （ set-alias which get-command的set-alias which get-command缩写形式）。
可以在Get-Command的在线帮助下找到更多信息和示例。
#5楼
我在互联网上找到的Unix的Win32端口都不是satistactory，因为它们都有一个或多个这些缺点：
- 不支持Windows PATHEXT变量。 （它定义了在扫描路径之前隐含地添加到每个命令的扩展名列表，以及顺序。）（我使用了很多tcl脚本，没有公开可用的工具可以找到它们。）
- 不支持cmd.exe代码页，这使得它们错误地显示非ascii字符的路径。 （我对此很敏感，用我的名字ç:-)）
- 不支持cmd.exe和PowerShell命令行中的不同搜索规则。 （没有公开可用的工具会在PowerShell窗口中找到.ps1脚本，但不会在cmd窗口中找到！）
所以我最终写了自己的，这正确地支持了以上所有内容。
可在那里找到： http ： //jf.larvoire.free.fr/progs/which.exe
来源：oschina
链接：https://my.oschina.net/stackoom/blog/3137059